{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T12:18:18Z","timestamp":1785154698912,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,24]],"date-time":"2010-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1269388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study addresses the extent to which insecure and disorganized attachments increase risk for externalizing problems using meta-analysis. From 69 samples (N = 5,947), the association between insecurity and externalizing problems was significant, d = 0.31 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.40). Larger effects were found for boys (d = 0.35), clinical samples (d = 0.49), and from observation-based outcome assessments (d = 0.58). Larger effects were found for attachment assessments other than the Strange Situation. Overall, disorganized children appeared at elevated risk (d = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.50), with weaker effects for avoidance (d = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.21) and resistance (d = 0.11, 95% CI: \u22120.04, 0.26). The results are discussed in terms of the potential significance of attachment for mental health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01405.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,25]],"date-time":"2010-03-25T00:40:18Z","timestamp":1269477618000},"page":"435-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":974,"title":["The Significance of Insecure Attachment and Disorganization in the Development of Children\u2019s Externalizing Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"R Pasco","family":"Fearon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Reading"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian J","family":"Bakermans-Kranenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leiden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marinus H","family":"Van IJzendoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leiden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Lapsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barnet, Enfield & Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn I","family":"Roisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010916114469100_cit1","volume-title":"Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation","author":"Ainsworth","year":"1978"},{"key":"2026010916114469100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20300","article-title":"Cortisol and externalizing behavior in children and adolescents: Mixed meta-analytic evidence for the inverse relation of basal cortisol and cortisol reactivity with externalizing behavior","volume":"50","author":"Alink","year":"2008","journal-title":"Developmental Psychobiology"},{"key":"2026010916114469100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.35.5.1210","article-title":"Perceived social support mediates between prior attachment and subsequent adjustment: A study of urban African American children","volume":"35","author":"Anan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2026010916114469100_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/01650250143000328","article-title":"School competence in young adolescence: Links to early attachment relationships beyond concurrent self-perceived competence and representations of relationships","volume":"26","author":"Aviezer","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Development"},{"key":"2026010916114469100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20152","article-title":"Gene\u2013environment interaction of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) and observed maternal insensitivity predicting externalizing behavior in preschoolers","volume":"48","author":"Bakermans-Kranenburg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Developmental Psychobiology"},{"key":"2026010916114469100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.2.195","article-title":"Less is more: Meta-analyses of sensitivity and attachment interventions in early childhood","volume":"129","author":"Bakermans-Kranenburg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"2026010916114469100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579408000382","article-title":"Effects of an attachment-based intervention on daily cortisol moderated by DRD4: A randomized control trial on 1-3-year-olds screened for externalizing behavior","volume":"20","author":"Bakermans-Kranenburg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Development & Psychopathology"},{"key":"2026010916114469100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/10003-000","volume-title":"Mental development of the child and the race: Methods and processes","author":"Baldwin","year":"1895"},{"key":"2026010916114469100_cit9","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Clinical implications of attachment. 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