{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T22:30:21Z","timestamp":1721946621163},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,23]],"date-time":"2008-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to establish whether the limited impact of atazanavir on the plasma lipid profile could translate into a reduction in the predicted cardiovascular risk in antiretroviral (ARV)\u2010experienced patients switching to an atazanavir\u2010containing regimen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV\u20101\u2010infected treatment\u2010experienced patients, switched to atazanavir for whatever reason and without prior major cardiovascular events, were selected and followed for at least 1 month. An individual cardiovascular risk score (10\u2010year risk of major cardiovascular events) based on validated events and measurable risk factors in Italian cardiovascular cohorts was calculated using software available online.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 197 patients were selected for inclusion in the study. After switching to atazanavir, the mean changes from pre\u2010switch to last available measurement were \u22126.5% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) for total cholesterol, \u22121.7% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.029) for high\u2010density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, \u221211.3% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) for non\u2010HDL cholesterol and \u22128.6% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) for triglycerides. The crude cardiovascular risk score was reduced from 3.43 to 3.38% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.51); the analysis normalized by age showed a reduction from 3.43 to 3.14% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). Subsets of patients with high baseline total cholesterol or triglycerides showed more marked reductions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A treatment switch to atazanavir caused significant reductions in plasma lipids and a modest but significant reduction in the normalized\u2010for\u2010age cardiovascular risk score. Efforts should be made to concomitantly reduce the other preventable cardiovascular risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2007.00541.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,18]],"date-time":"2008-02-18T02:14:56Z","timestamp":1203300896000},"page":"172-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Cardiovascular risk score change in HIV\u20101\u2010infected patients switched to an atazanavir\u2010based combination antiretroviral regimen"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Colafigli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Di Giambenedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Bracciale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Tamburrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Cauda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803263381301"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"396","article-title":"Impact of antiretroviral choice on hypercholesterolemia events","volume":"6","author":"Jones R","year":"2005","journal-title":"the role of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"844","article-title":"Metabolical and skeletal complications of HIV infection","volume":"296","author":"Morse CG","year":"2006","journal-title":"the price of success"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200407000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/382531"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2005.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375885"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030218"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350501000511","article-title":"Lipid profiles for antiretroviral\u2010na\u00efve patients starting PI\u2010 and NNRTI\u2010based therapy in the Swiss HIV cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Joung J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","first-page":"1971","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in patients with HIV infection","volume":"66","author":"Bergersen BM","year":"2006","journal-title":"impact of antiretroviral therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"213","article-title":"HIV infection, HAART and endothelial adhesion molecules","volume":"4","author":"De Gaetano Donati K","year":"2004","journal-title":"current perspectives"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000247115.81832.a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.104.3.257"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3180322542"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2005.00324.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2003.00138.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062744"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000244203.95758.db"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","unstructured":"SabinCA WeberR FontasEet al. Underutilization of recommended interventions for prevention of cardiovascular (CV) disease in HIV\u2010infected patients with established CV disease or diabetes.14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections Los Angeles February 2007 [Abstract 816]."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","first-page":"2309","article-title":"Atazanavir","volume":"65","author":"Swainston Harrison T","year":"2005","journal-title":"a review of its use in the management of HIV infection"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","first-page":"174","article-title":"Switching to atazanavir improves metabolic disorders in antiretroviral\u2010experienced patients with severe hyperlipidemia","volume":"39","author":"M\u00f6bius U","year":"2005","journal-title":"J AIDS"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000216371.76689.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","unstructured":"BustiAJ BedimoR MargolisD HardinD. Improvement in insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in protease inhibitor\u2010treated patients after switch to atazanavir\/ritonavir (ATV\/RTV): a prospective study using hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic clamp testing.8th International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV San Francisco CA USA 24\u201326 September 2006 [Abstract 57]."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","unstructured":"NegredoE EcheverriaP PuigJet al. Lipid profile using the new protease inhibitors in antiretroviral treated HIV\u2010infected patients.8th International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection Glasgow November 2006 [Abstract P94]."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","unstructured":"KeiserP Mc GrathS ReynoldsLet al. Changes in lipid profiles in treatment\u2010experienced patients switched to atazanavir\u2010based antiretroviral therapy: results from the atazanavir expanded access program (EAP).XVI International AIDS Conference Toronto 13\u201318 August 2006 [Abstract WEPE0163]."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200411050-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","first-page":"1484","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of atazanavir\u2010based highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with virologic suppression switched from a stable, boosted or unboosted protease inhibitor treatment regimen","volume":"44","author":"Gatell J","year":"2007","journal-title":"the SWAN study (AI424-097) 48-week results"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000233574.49220.de"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350501000807","article-title":"Improvement in dyslipidaemia after switching stavudine to tenofovir and replacing protease inhibitors with efavirenz in HIV\u2010infected children","volume":"10","author":"Vigan\u00f2 A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh405"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2005.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_2","unstructured":"Friis M\u00f8llerN Thi\u00e9bautR ReissPet al. Predicting the risk of coronary heart disease in HIV\u2010infected patients: the D:A:D risk equation.14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections Los Angeles February 2007. 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