{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:24:49Z","timestamp":1791267889195,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]],"date-time":"2011-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1321833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV and antiretroviral (ART) exposure <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> may have deleterious effects on the infant, but uncertainty still exists. The objective of this study was to evaluate aspects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, mitochondrial function and oxidative stress simultaneously in placenta, umbilical cord blood and infant blood in HIV\/ART\u2010exposed infants compared with uninfected controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV\u20101\u2010infected pregnant women and HIV\u20101\u2010uninfected healthy pregnant controls were enrolled in the study prospectively. Placenta and umbilical cord blood were obtained at delivery and infant blood was obtained within 48\u2003h of delivery. mtDNA content was determined for each specimen. Nuclear [subunit IV of cytochrome c\u2010oxidase (COX IV)]\u2010 and mitochondrial (COX II)\u2010encoded polypeptides of the oxidative phosphorylation enzyme cytochrome c\u2010oxidase were quantified in cord and infant blood. Placental mitochondria malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured as a marker of oxidative stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty HIV\u2010positive\/HIV\u2010exposed and 26 control mother\u2013infant pairs were enrolled in the study. All HIV\u2010infected women and their infants received ART. Placental MDA concentration and mtDNA content in placenta and cord blood were similar between groups. The cord blood COX II:IV ratio was lower in the HIV\u2010positive group than in the controls, whereas the infant peripheral blood mtDNA content was higher in the HIV\u2010exposed infants, but the infant peripheral blood COX II:IV ratio was similar. No infant had clinical evidence of mitochondrial disease or acquired HIV infection. In multivariable regression analyses, the significant findings in cord and infant blood were both most associated with HIV\/ART exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV\u2010exposed infants showed reduced umbilical cord blood mitochondrial enzyme expression with increased infant peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA levels, the latter possibly reflecting a compensatory mechanism to overcome HIV\/ART\u2010associated mitochondrial toxicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2011.00945.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,22]],"date-time":"2011-11-22T03:48:59Z","timestamp":1321933739000},"page":"98-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Effects of <i>in utero<\/i> antiretroviral exposure on mitochondrial DNA levels, mitochondrial function and oxidative stress"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"AC","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Castillo\u2010Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Lebrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"UA","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Storer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Labbato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Khaitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Tomanova\u2010Soltys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GA","family":"McComsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200204150-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/088922200308864"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200006010-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)07219-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"1769","article-title":"Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV\u20101\u2010exposed but uninfected infants","volume":"17","author":"Barret B","year":"2003","journal-title":"clinical screening in a large prospective cohort"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3280d5a786"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200404300-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2771"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200306010-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200304010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","unstructured":"ViganoA BianchiR SchneiderLet al. Lack of hyperlactatemia and impaired mitochondrial DNA content in CD4+cells of HIV\u2010uninfected infants exposed to perinatal antiretroviral therapy.11th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. San Francisco CA February 2004 [Abstract 926]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591253"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/hct0902-126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","unstructured":"Panel on antiretroviral therapy and medical management of HIV\u2010infected children. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in pediatric HIV infection. August 16 2010. 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