{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T22:02:00Z","timestamp":1759010520370},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,25]],"date-time":"2012-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1340582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the reported decrease in the incidence and mortality rates of central nervous system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>) infections after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content>), few studies have focused on the global incidence and the relationship of these diseases with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRIS<\/jats:styled-content>) in the developed world.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A descriptive cohort study of all consecutive adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content> opportunistic infections diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 in a tertiary hospital in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>pain was carried out. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and microbiological data were recorded. Patients were followed up until death or loss to follow\u2010up or until 30 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>uly 2011, when the study finished. The significance of differences in the incidence rate between early and late <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content> periods was determined using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>antel\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>aenszel test. Survival distribution was estimated using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>aplan\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>eier method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 110 cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content> infections were diagnosed. The incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content> opportunistic infections decreased from 9 cases per 1000 HIV\u2010infected patients per year in the early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content> period to 3.8 in the late <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content> period (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). Overall, the estimated mean survival time was 58.8 months (95% confidence interval 47.1\u201370.6 months). Of the 110 patients, 18 (16.4%) met the criteria of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRIS<\/jats:styled-content>, 10 (55.6%) were paradoxical and eight (44.4%) were unmasking. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRIS<\/jats:styled-content> was not associated with a higher mortality rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The annual incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content> infections decreased progressively during the period of study. The mortality rate associated with these diseases remains high despite <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content>. The development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRIS<\/jats:styled-content> associated with neurological infections had no influence on prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2012.01033.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,25]],"date-time":"2012-06-25T11:56:20Z","timestamp":1340625380000},"page":"21-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Neurological opportunistic infections and neurological immune reconstitution syndrome: impact of one decade of highly active antiretroviral treatment in a tertiary hospital"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Riveiro\u2010Barciela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Falc\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious 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