{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:10:38Z","timestamp":1767651038778},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,23]],"date-time":"2012-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1348358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"Objective<\/jats:title>The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated fatigue in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A cross\u2010sectional survey of 100 stable HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected out\u2010patients was carried out. Severity of fatigue was measured using the F<\/jats:styled-content>atigue I<\/jats:styled-content>mpact S<\/jats:styled-content>cale (FIS<\/jats:styled-content>). Symptoms of orthostatic intolerance (dysautonomia) were evaluated using the O<\/jats:styled-content>rthostatic G<\/jats:styled-content>rading S<\/jats:styled-content>cale (OGS<\/jats:styled-content>). Data for HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients were compared with those for 166 uninfected controls and 74 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS<\/jats:styled-content>)\/myalgic encephalomyelitis (encephalopathy) (ME<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Ninety\u2010one per cent of HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients were on HAART<\/jats:styled-content> and 78% had suppressed plasma HIV<\/jats:styled-content> viral load (\u2264\u200940 HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 RNA<\/jats:styled-content> copies\/mL<\/jats:styled-content>). Fifty\u2010one per cent of HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients reported excessive symptomatic fatigue (FIS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009\u2265\u200940), and 28% reported severe fatigue symptoms (FIS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009\u2265\u200980). The mean FIS<\/jats:styled-content> score among HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients was 50.8 [standard deviation (SD<\/jats:styled-content>) 41.9] compared with 13.0 (SD<\/jats:styled-content> 17.6) in uninfected control subjects, and 92.9 (SD<\/jats:styled-content> 29.0) in CFS<\/jats:styled-content> patients (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\/jats:styled-content><\u2009<\/jats:styled-content>0.001 for comparison of HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients and uninfected controls). Among HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients, fatigue severity was not significantly associated with current or nadir CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 lymphocyte count, HIV<\/jats:styled-content> plasma viral load, or whether on HAART<\/jats:styled-content>. Prior dideoxynucleoside analogue (d\u2010drug) exposure (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\/jats:styled-content>=\u2009<\/jats:styled-content>0.016) and the presence of clinical lipodystrophy syndrome (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\/jats:styled-content>=\u2009<\/jats:styled-content>0.011) were associated with fatigue. Additionally, fatigue severity correlated strongly with symptomatic orthostatic intolerance (r\u2009=\u20090.65; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\/jats:styled-content><\u2009<\/jats:styled-content>0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Fatigue is very common and often severe in HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected out\u2010patients, despite viral suppression and good immune function. In a subgroup of patients, prior d\u2010drug exposure may contribute to fatigue, suggesting a metabolic basis. Dysautonomia may also drive fatigue associated with HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection, as in other chronic diseases, and CFS<\/jats:styled-content>\/ME<\/jats:styled-content>, and should be further evaluated with the potential for a shared therapeutic approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2012.01050.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]],"date-time":"2012-09-24T04:03:27Z","timestamp":1348459407000},"page":"247-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["HIV<\/scp>\u2010associated fatigue in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: novel biological mechanisms?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"BAI","family":"Payne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine Royal Victo ria Infirmary Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne UK"},{"name":"Institute of Genetic Medicine Newcastle University Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CL","family":"Hateley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Medicine Newcastle University Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ELC","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine Royal Victo ria Infirmary Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Premchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine Royal Victo ria Infirmary Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ML","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine Royal Victo ria Infirmary Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine Royal Victo ria Infirmary Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JL","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Ageing and Health Newcastle University Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DA","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine Royal Victo ria Infirmary Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.4.514"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"Diagnosis in chronic illness: disabling or enabling\u2013the case of chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Woodward RV","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00087-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.5.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000080365.95436.B8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcp091"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00167-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80385-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/80.3.330"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.863"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200002180-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200109070-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2009.02160.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.meg.0000252629.96043.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eun164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2003.20938.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"Excellence NIfHaC.chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy): diagnosis and management of chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy) in adults and children. 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