{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T15:46:03Z","timestamp":1789832763885,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]],"date-time":"2008-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1221436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":957,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a focal dystonia characterized by a strained, strangled voice. Botulinum toxin is a symptomatic treatment for SD and has become the mainstay of therapy over the last two decades. In this manuscript, we briefly review different laryngeal muscle hyperactivity syndromes, their injection techniques and toxins currently available. Adductor SD is the most common indication for botulinum toxin treatment in the larynx. All studies report similar results with regard to improvement, patient satisfaction and side effects. We describe different injection techniques to treat this disorder such as the percutaneous, transoral, transnasal, point\u2010touch techniques. In abductor SD, a subtype of SD, the treatment is aimed at the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. Other applications of botulinum toxin in the larynx include spasmodic laryngeal dyspnea and voice tremors. We also review injection techniques, the different toxin types used, and toxin doses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01443.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]],"date-time":"2006-01-11T18:37:14Z","timestamp":1137004634000},"page":"36-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Botulinum toxin therapy of laryngeal muscle hyperactivity syndromes: comparing different botulinum toxin preparations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"D. D.","family":"Truong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Bhidayasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","first-page":"250","volume-title":"Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Speech and Hearing","author":"Heaver L","year":"1960"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.3303.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.3303.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199902000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.63.5.688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200202000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4601.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4201.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3002.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(00)80008-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948509400615"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3404.801"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3402.269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.59.4.438"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(90)90018-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajot.2001.23436"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949510401203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949910800615"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","first-page":"1300","article-title":"Botulinum toxin (BOTOX) for the treatment of \u2018\u2018spastic dysphonia\u2019\u2019 as part of a trial of toxin injections for the treatment of other cranial dystonias","volume":"96","author":"Blitzer A","year":"1986","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040031184014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710003540X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92070-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198802000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199106000-00010","article-title":"Double\u2010blind controlled study of botulinum toxin in adductor spasmodic dysphonia","volume":"101","author":"Troung DD","year":"1991","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2002\/037)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","first-page":"CD004327","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia","author":"Watts CC","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews:"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13682829809179445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","first-page":"237","article-title":"Laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia): observations of 901 patients and treatment with botulinum toxin","volume":"78","author":"Brin MF","year":"1988","journal-title":"Advances in Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199810000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.8.1220"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940411300802"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(02)00080-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199612000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","first-page":"160","article-title":"A comparison of the efficacy of unilateral versus bilateral botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia","volume":"23","author":"Maloney AP","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Otolaryngology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1987.01860060029009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989010300515"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989411100615"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949210101101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870040401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","first-page":"196","article-title":"Botulinum toxin treatment for spasmodic dysphonia: percutaneous versus transoral approach","volume":"21","author":"Garcia Ruiz PJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.1.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","first-page":"231","article-title":"Dose standardization of botulinum toxin","volume":"78","author":"Bergh PY","year":"1988","journal-title":"Advances in Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.59.1.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_2","first-page":"430","article-title":"Respective potencies of Botox\u00ae and Dysport\u00ae: a double blind, randomised, crossover study in cervical dystonia","volume":"72","author":"Poewe W","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_2","first-page":"459","article-title":"Respective potencies of Botox\u00ae and Dysport\u00ae: a double blind, randomised, crossover study in cervical dystonia","volume":"72","author":"Ranoux D","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.7.1439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.7.1431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-002-0929-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081463"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_2","first-page":"599","article-title":"Localized injections of botulinum toxin for the treatment of focal dystonia and hemifacial spasm","volume":"50","author":"Brin MF","year":"1988","journal-title":"Advances in Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.53.8.633"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200102000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200304000-00029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199202000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199108000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989770019-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00874096"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989210700510"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200008000-00028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.9.1416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(00)80086-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.9.1416"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1468-1331.2006.01443.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01443.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T06:08:29Z","timestamp":1706854109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01443.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"s1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01443.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01443.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-5101","1468-1331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-5101","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-09-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}