{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:02:43Z","timestamp":1761512563153},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,10]],"date-time":"2008-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1215648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background and purpose:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The Babinski Reflex, first described in 1896, is still an integral part of the neurological examination. Many have studied the consistency of this reflex, but none have compared the inter\u2010 and intra\u2010observer consistency of the Babinski reflex and its variants.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Thirty\u2010four subjects were examined by six neurologists. The Babinski, Gordon, Chaddock, and Oppenheim reflexes were tested, and each neurologist concluded if the plantar response was flexor or extensor. Six subjects were re\u2010tested 1\u2003week later to determine intra\u2010observer consistency.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The Babinski reflex had the highest interobserver consistency with a kappa value of 0.5491. The Chaddock, Oppenheim, and Gordon reflexes had kappa values of 0.4065, 0.3739, and 0.3515, respectively. For intra\u2010observer consistency, Gordon was the most consistent with a kappa value of 0.6731. When reflexes were combined in pairs, the Babinski and Chaddock reflexes together were the most reliable.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The Babinski reflex was shown to be the most consistent between examiners. The Gordon reflex had the highest intra\u2010observer consistency; however, the small sample size should limit conclusions drawn from this calculation. Clinicians often utilize more than one reflex to examine the plantar response; the combination of the Babinski and Chaddock reflexes was the most reliable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02219.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,10]],"date-time":"2008-07-10T13:58:37Z","timestamp":1215698317000},"page":"960-964","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Consistency of the Babinski reflex and its variants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Singerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"207","article-title":"Sur le r\u00e9flexe cutan\u00e9 plantaire dans certaines affections organiques du syst\u00e8me nerveux central","volume":"3","author":"Babinski J","year":"1896","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus des S\u00e9ances et M\u00e9moires de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Biologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"471","article-title":"Relachement des muscles dans l\u2019h\u00e9mipl\u00e9gie organique","volume":"48","author":"Babinski J","year":"1896","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus des S\u00e9ances de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Biologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"728","article-title":"De l\u2019abduction des orteils","volume":"11","author":"Babinski J","year":"1903","journal-title":"Revue Neurologique"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"321","article-title":"Du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne des orteils et de sa valeur s\u00e9miologique","volume":"18","author":"Babinski J","year":"1898","journal-title":"La Semaine M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"132","article-title":"A new reflex: paradoxic flexor reflex. 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