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At present there are no published guidelines for the usage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> technology for the diagnosis of infections of the nervous system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed the advantages and pitfalls of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> in order to guide neurologists and infectious diseases experts in its application for the diagnosis of infections of the nervous system. Medical reference systems were searched, and original papers, meta\u2010analyses, review papers, book chapters and guidelines recommendations were reviewed. The final literature search was performed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ay 2012. Recommendations were reached by consensus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Recommendations<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reliability of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> technology for the diagnosis of neurological infections is currently based on the pathogens. The main contribution of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> is to the diagnosis of viral infections followed by bacterial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content> infections with the notable exception of tuberculous meningitis. Efficacy for the diagnosis of protozoal infections and helminthic infestations has also been established in many instances. Unfortunately, current molecular <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> technology is far from becoming routine in resource\u2010poor countries where such infections are prevalent. Despite the importance of fungal infections in the context of the immune\u2010compromised host, there is not enough data to recommend the routine use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> technology is currently a reliable method for the diagnosis of viral and bacterial (except tuberculosis) infections, and only for some protozoal infections and helminthic infestations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03808.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,6]],"date-time":"2012-08-06T07:43:33Z","timestamp":1344239013000},"page":"1278-1291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["<scp>EFNS<\/scp>\u2010ENS guidelines for the use of <scp>PCR<\/scp> technology for the diagnosis of infections of the nervous system"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Rabin Medical Center Petach Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Schmutzhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen M\u00fcnchen Germany"},{"name":"Neurologische Abteilung Krankenhaus Hietzing mit Neurologischem Zentrum Rosenh\u00fcgel Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Chaudhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences Queen's Hospital Romford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. 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