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It is a life and limb\u2010threatening complication, usually observed in patients with renal disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism, but known to occur in the absence of renal or parathyroid disease. The reported mortality rate, which ranges from 60\u201380%, relates to wound infection, sepsis and organ failure. It is a small\u2010vessel vasculopathy, which is estimated to occur in about 4% of haemodialysis patients. Clinically, violaceous, reticulate areas of cutaneous necrosis and eschar may be evident, particularly in the extremities. In addition to the clinical picture, a raised calcium phosphorous product, an elevated parathyroid hormone level, radiographic evidence of vessel and soft\u2010tissue calcification and the finding of mural calcification affecting small arteries and arterioles on histopathology help to confirm the diagnosis of this entity which generally has a poor prognosis. A high index of suspicion and an active multidisciplinary management approach, with rigorous attention to wound care and prevention of sepsis, are vital in the management of these patients. In this overview, we discuss the pathophysiology, clinical features and associations, risk factors, diagnosis and management issues relating to calciphylaxis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01506.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,21]],"date-time":"2006-04-21T17:08:01Z","timestamp":1145639281000},"page":"493-502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Calciphylaxis \u2013 a topical 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