{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:24:17Z","timestamp":1792812257179,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,27]],"date-time":"2008-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The increase in the incidence of non\u2010melanoma skin tumours, photoaging, and immunosuppression demand for more effective sunscreen on ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The aim of the study is to evaluate the photoprotective effects of a bacterial\u2010derived melanin against UVA\u2010induced damages\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Human fibroblasts were used to assess the role of the bacterial\u2010derived melanin on cell viability against UVA. 3\u2010(4,5\u2010Dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and nuclear morphology were employed to evaluate the photoprotection at the cellular level. Fluorometric assays were performed to detect the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells. Evaluations of the bacterial\u2010derived melanin as a sunscreen were measured by transmission test and persistent pigment darkening on human skin.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Bacterial\u2010derived melanin efficiently scavenged ROS in the fibroblasts after UVA irradiation. The cell viability of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) fibroblast treated with varied doses of melanin increased dramatically in comparison with untreated control and the treated XP fibroblasts became more resistant to UVA\u2010induced apoptosis than normal fibroblasts. Although the relative transmission didn't change too much with different concentration of bacterial\u2010derived melanin, this melanin could keep UVA\u2010irradiated skin from pigment darkening and act as an active sunscreen on skin.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The bacterial\u2010derived melanin provided significant protection to fibroblast cell and human skin against the UVA radiation. It has the potential to be developed as an active sunscreen for the patients with photosensitivity skin to sun exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02574.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,27]],"date-time":"2008-02-27T11:26:20Z","timestamp":1204111580000},"page":"852-858","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Photoprotection of bacterial\u2010derived melanin against ultraviolet A\u2013induced cell death and its potential application as an active 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