{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:59:12Z","timestamp":1787065152835,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,24]],"date-time":"2011-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The histopathology of lichen sclerosus (LS) suggests abnormalities in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    We aimed to investigate the expression pattern of ECM proteins and related growths factors and Smad signal transducers in LS as compared with healthy skin.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    To assess the expression of decorin, biglycan, versican, perlecan, fibronectin, dermatopontin, extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM\u20101), matrix metalloproteinase 1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor \u03b21, and Smad\u20103 protein, real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed on skin specimens obtained from the genital region of healthy subjects (\n                    <jats:italic>n\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u200310) as well as LS patients (\n                    <jats:italic>n\u2003<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u200326).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Median mRNA as well as mean protein expression of biglycan, versican, fibronectin, and ECM\u20101 was significantly higher in LS when compared with healthy controls. Both mRNA and protein CTGF expression observed in LS was significantly higher than in controls. CTGF mRNA expression significantly correlated with mRNA expression of biglycan, versican and fibronectin.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Expression of ECM proteins (e.g. proteoglycans, ECM\u20101) and CTGF is altered in LS. TGF\u2010\u00df\/Smad\u20103 independent up\u2010regulation of CTGF may induce accumulation of ECM proteins and maintain fibrosis in chronic LS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04037.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,24]],"date-time":"2011-03-24T07:31:50Z","timestamp":1300951910000},"page":"207-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Differential expression of connective tissue growth factor and extracellular matrix proteins in lichen sclerosus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Gambichler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Skrygan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Czempiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Tigges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kobus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.J.","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.U.","family":"K\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Scola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"St\u00fccker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Altmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kreuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08228-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03360.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09273.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1396-0296.2004.04004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13863-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22637"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2008.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.67.1.609"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931302","article-title":"Biochemical and biophysical aspects of collagen nanostructure in the extracellular matrix","volume":"56","author":"Kol\u00e1cn\u00e1 L","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-8388-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1067-1927.2004.012302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6987.2005.00273.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555563483490","article-title":"Investigation of intercellular matrix macromolecules involved in lichen sclerosus","volume":"63","author":"Frances C","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Collagen biosynthesis in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus studied by biochemical and in situ hybridization techniques","volume":"162","author":"Oikarinen A","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000018492"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","first-page":"117","article-title":"Distribution of transforming growth factor\u2010beta isoforms TGF\u2010beta 1, TGF\u2010beta 2 and TGF\u2010beta 3 and vascular endothelial growth factor in vulvar lichen sclerosus","volume":"46","author":"Farrell AM","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","first-page":"38","article-title":"Decorin and chondroitin sulfate distribution in vulvar lichen sclerosus: correlation with distinct histopathologic stages","volume":"52","author":"Corr\u00eaa AC","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","first-page":"161","article-title":"Fibrogenic cytokines in vulvar lichen sclerosus. 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