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Although use of TNF\u2010\u03b1 antagonists in aphthous ulceration is increasingly reported, the current evidence base for use is weak and evaluation of individual cases may provide the best available data to support such use.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study was to review all published data on the use of TNF\u2010\u03b1 antagonists in patients with severe aphthous ulceration refractory to systemic agents and discusses this in the context of any possible benefits that may guide any future use.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> A comprehensive search on MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1995 to 2010 was performed using pre\u2010defined search terms, with articles included if they met specific criteria.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Sixteen cases from individual case reports or small case\u2010series in which use of TNF\u2010\u03b1 antagonists in aphthous ulceration were identified in which details of previous systemic therapy and use of subsequent adjunctive therapy were available. Agents with reported success in resolving active ulceration and reducing ulcer recurrence were infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Evidence for efficacy of TNF\u2010\u03b1 antagonists in aphthous ulceration infection is limited. Such data suggest that in patients with severe aphthous ulceration TNF\u2010\u03b1 antagonists have some efficacy in inducing ulcer resolution and reducing recurrence. These agents may represent an option in severe refractory aphthosis, although in the absence of controlled studies, caution is advocated if use is to be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04041.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,24]],"date-time":"2011-03-24T10:31:31Z","timestamp":1300962691000},"page":"231-235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Efficacy of tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 antagonists in aphthous ulceration: review of published individual patient 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