{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:21:43Z","timestamp":1787314903430,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,30]],"date-time":"2014-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2343,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,9]],"date-time":"2008-06-09T22:53:09Z","timestamp":1213051989000},"page":"677-684","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Role of respiratory pathogens in infants hospitalized for a first episode of wheezing and their impact on recurrences"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Bosis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.G.M.","family":"Niesters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.V.","family":"Zuccotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Marseglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Zuin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pelucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.D.M.E.","family":"Osterhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Principi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69077-6","article-title":"Bronchiolitis","volume":"368","author":"Smyth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2223","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis","volume":"118","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.09.012","article-title":"Respiratory illnesses in early life and asthma and atopy in childhood","volume":"119","author":"Ramsey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200603-435PP","article-title":"Bronchiolitis to asthma: a review and call for studies of gene\u2013virus interactions in asthma causation","volume":"175","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10321-5","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years","volume":"354","author":"Stein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.02.032","article-title":"Palivizumab prophylaxis, respiratory syncytial virus, and subsequent recurrent wheezing","volume":"151","author":"Simoes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.16f21.x","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in children with wheezing","volume":"16","author":"Esposito","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200103030-00001","article-title":"Asthma in children: are Chlamydia or Mycoplasma involved?","volume":"3","author":"Esposito","year":"2001","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.04.006","article-title":"Viral infections in relation to age, atopy, and season of admission among children hospitalized for wheezing","volume":"114","author":"Heymann","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e328013d501","article-title":"Respiratory viruses in childhood asthma","volume":"7","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.08.041","article-title":"Prevalence of viral respiratory tract infections in children with asthma","volume":"119","author":"Khetsuriani","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00147-5","article-title":"Emerging role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in paediatric respiratory tract infections","volume":"1","author":"Principi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10139","article-title":"Cytokine secretion in children with acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and wheeze","volume":"34","author":"Esposito","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200112-118BC","article-title":"Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis","volume":"165","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1006.030629","article-title":"Respiratory picor-naviruses and respiratory syncytial virus as causative agents of acute expiratory wheezing in children","volume":"10","author":"Jartti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib16","first-page":"1788","article-title":"Human metapneumovirus in otherwise healthy infants and children","volume":"350","author":"Principi","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000160949.99560.8d","article-title":"Role of atypical bacteria and azithromycin therapy in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections","volume":"24","author":"Esposito","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01270.x","article-title":"Clinical and socio-economic impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection on healthy children and their households","volume":"11","author":"Esposito","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20243","article-title":"Impact of human metapneumovirus in childhood: comparison with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses","volume":"75","author":"Bosis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1086\/505399","article-title":"Human bocavirus: prevalence and clinical spectrum at a children's hospital","volume":"43","author":"Arnold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20745","article-title":"Impact of human coronavirus infections in otherwise healthy children who attended an emergency department","volume":"78","author":"Esposito","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2006.11.014","article-title":"Coronavirus HKU1 in an Italian pre-term infant with bronchiolitis","volume":"38","author":"Bosis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1086\/512196","article-title":"Human bocavirus and acute wheezing in children","volume":"44","author":"Allander","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e410","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3283","article-title":"Cytokine profiles in the respiratory tract during primary infection with human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, or influenza virus in infants","volume":"120","author":"Melendi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1876","article-title":"The enhancement or prevention of airway hyperresponsiveness during reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus is critically dependent on the age at first infection and IL-13 production","volume":"175","author":"Dakhama","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-107","article-title":"Exposure of neonates to respiratory syncytial virus is critical in determining subsequent airway response in adults","volume":"7","author":"You","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20607","article-title":"Nerve growth factor mediates steroid-resistant inflammation in respiratory syncytial infection","volume":"42","author":"Mohtasham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib28","series-title":"Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06528-X","article-title":"Contribution of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus to community cases of influenza-like illness: an observational study","volume":"358","author":"Zambon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(03)00122-7","article-title":"Design and performance testing of quantitative real time PCR assays for influenzaA and B viral load measurement","volume":"29","author":"Ward","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10382","article-title":"Rapid and quantitative detection of human adenovirus DNA by real-time PCR","volume":"70","author":"Heim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5189","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5189-5198.2004","article-title":"Real-time quantitative PCR assays for detection and monitoring of pathogenic human viruses in immunosuppressed pediatric patients","volume":"42","author":"Watzinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2005.05.005","article-title":"A multi-centre pilot proficiency programme to assess the quality of molecular detection of respiratory viruses","volume":"35","author":"Templeton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/89098","article-title":"A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease","volume":"7","author":"van den Hoogen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1086\/379200","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical symptoms of human metapneumovirus infection in hospitalized patients","volume":"188","author":"van den Hoogen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.3.981-986.2004","article-title":"Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for detection of human metapneumovirus from all known genetic lineages","volume":"42","author":"Maertzdorf","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6212","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400762101","article-title":"A previously undescribed coronavirus associated with respiratory disease in humans","volume":"101","author":"Fouchier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.2.884-895.2005","article-title":"Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1, from patients with pneumonia","volume":"79","author":"Woo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1301.060819","article-title":"Human bocavirus in febrile children, The Netherlands","volume":"13","author":"Monteny","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.02.025","article-title":"Respiratory viruses and acute asthma in children","volume":"120","author":"Jartti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21031","article-title":"Development and implementation of real-time nucleic acid amplification for the detection of enterovirus infections in comparison to rapid culture of various clinical specimens","volume":"79","author":"Van Doornum","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.2.548-551.1998","article-title":"Molecular approaches to diagnosis of pulmonary diseases due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae","volume":"36","author":"Abele-Horn","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S460","DOI":"10.1086\/315599","article-title":"Collaborative multidisciplinary workshop report: detection, culture, serology, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Chlamydia pneumoniae","volume":"181","author":"Tompkins","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S426","DOI":"10.1086\/315603","article-title":"Chlamydia pneumoniae serology: interlaboratory variation in microimmunofluorescence assay results","volume":"181","author":"Peeling","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1086\/344191","article-title":"Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae and atypical bacteria infections in children 2 to 5 years of age with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"35","author":"Esposito","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0351-z","article-title":"Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in infants and children: relationship with attendance at a paediatric emergency unit and characteristics of the circulating strains","volume":"26","author":"Gasparini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020943","article-title":"Age at first viral infection determines the pattern of T-cell mediated disease during reinfection in adulthood","volume":"196","author":"Culley","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e878","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2119","article-title":"T helper 1\/T helper 2 cytokine imbalance in respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with increased endogenous plasma cortisol","volume":"117","author":"Pinto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.3.1648","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus synergizes with Th2 cytokines to induce optimal levels of TARC\/CCL17","volume":"179","author":"Monick","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1086\/518249","article-title":"Human infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific type 1 and 2 cytokine responses ex vivo during primary RSV infection","volume":"195","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000145255.86117.6A","article-title":"Natural infection of infants with respiratory syncytial virus subgroups A and B: a study of frequency, disease severity, and viral load","volume":"56","author":"DeVincenzo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922806291012","article-title":"Epidemiologic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors associated with severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection in previously healthy infants","volume":"45","author":"Somech","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.051055","article-title":"Differential immune responses and pulmonary pathophysiology are induced by two different strains of respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"169","author":"Lukacs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200002000-00006","article-title":"Nasal quantity of respiratory syncytial virus correlates with disease severity in hospitalized infants","volume":"19","author":"Buckingam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1086\/430008","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus load predicts disease severity in previously healthy infants","volume":"191","author":"DeVincenzo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Microbiology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X14621613?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1198743X14621613?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T04:02:50Z","timestamp":1588737770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1198743X14621613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1198743X14621613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02016.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1198-743X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1198-743X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}}}