{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T22:57:05Z","timestamp":1782773825422,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,15]],"date-time":"2010-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1281830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Human Genetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Appetite regulatory neural network and adipocyte homeostasis molecular pathways are critical to long\u2010term weight maintenance.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Associations between obesity\u2010related phenotypes and four genes in these pathways \u2013 leptin (<jats:italic>LEP<\/jats:italic>), leptin receptor (<jats:italic>LEPR<\/jats:italic>), neuropeptide Y2 receptor (<jats:italic>NPY2R<\/jats:italic>) and peptide YY (<jats:italic>PYY<\/jats:italic>) were examined in CARDIA Study participants (aged 18\u201330 at recruitment in 1985\u20136). Weight, BMI and waist circumference were measured at baseline and at years 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20. Genotyping was conducted using tag SNPs characterising common genetic variations in these genes. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models estimated associations between SNPs and repeated anthropometric measurements, controlling for sex and age. False discovery rate was used to adjust for multiple testing.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In African\u2010Americans, SNPs across the<jats:italic>LEP<\/jats:italic>gene demonstrated significant overall associations with all obesity\u2010related phenotypes. The associations between LEP rs17151919 with weight tended to strengthen with time \u2013 the difference in weight associated with each additional minor allele increased from 2.6 kg at baseline to 4.8 kg at year 20 (SNP*time interaction p = 0.0193).<jats:italic>NPY2R<\/jats:italic>gene SNPs were associated with waist circumference among African\u2010American men (p = 0.0462). In Caucasians,<jats:italic>LEP<\/jats:italic>SNPs also tended to be associated with weight (p = 0.0471), and<jats:italic>PYY<\/jats:italic>rs11684664 was associated with obesity\u2010related phenotypes in women only (p = 0.010\u20130.026).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Several<jats:italic>LEP<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>NPY2R<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>PYY<\/jats:italic>SNPs were associated with obesity\u2010related phenotypes in young adults, particularly among African\u2010Americans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.2010.00596.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,14]],"date-time":"2010-07-14T14:31:08Z","timestamp":1279117868000},"page":"387-398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Candidate Molecular Pathway Genes Related to Appetite Regulatory Neural Network, Adipocyte Homeostasis and Obesity: Results from the CARDIA Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Yechiel","family":"Friedlander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Fornage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. 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