{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:31:51Z","timestamp":1790271111091,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,2]],"date-time":"2005-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cleft palate is a congenital disorder arising from a failure in the multistep process of palate development. In its mildest form the cleft affects only the posterior soft palate. In more severe cases the cleft includes the soft (posterior) and hard (anterior) palate. In mice a number of genes show differential expression along the anterior\u2013posterior axis of the palate. Mesenchymal heterogeneity is established early, as evident from Bmp4\u2010mediated induction of<jats:italic>Msx1<\/jats:italic>and cell proliferation exclusively in the anterior and Fgf8\u2010specific induction of<jats:italic>Pax9<\/jats:italic>in the posterior palate alone. In addition, the anterior palatal epithelium has the unique ability to induce<jats:italic>Shox2<\/jats:italic>expression in the anterior mesenchyme<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>and the posterior mesenchyme<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Therefore, the induction and competence potentials of the epithelium and mesenchyme in the anterior are clearly distinct from those in the posterior. Defective growth in the anterior palate of<jats:italic>Msx1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>and<jats:italic>Fgf10<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>mice leads to a complete cleft palate and supports the anterior\u2010to\u2010posterior direction of palatal closure. By contrast, the<jats:italic>Shox2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>mice exhibit incomplete clefts in the anterior presumptive hard palate with an intact posterior palate. This phenotype cannot be explained by the prevailing model of palatal closure. The ability of the posterior palate to fuse independent of the anterior palate in<jats:italic>Shox2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>mice underscores the intrinsic differences along the anterior\u2013posterior axis of the palate. We must hitherto consider the heterogeneity of gene expression and function in the palate to understand better the aetiology and pathogenesis of non\u2010syndromic cleft palate and the mechanics of normal palatogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2005.00474.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,21]],"date-time":"2010-09-21T10:43:58Z","timestamp":1285065838000},"page":"655-667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Regional regulation of palatal growth and patterning along the anterior\u2013posterior axis in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"Sylvia A.","family":"Hilliard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuping","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zunyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Retinoic acid alters epithelial differentiation during palatogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Abbott BD","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M005912200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.39.8.559"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.3.605","article-title":"Combinatorial signaling through BMP receptor. 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