{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:21:57Z","timestamp":1791346917760,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,13]],"date-time":"2006-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1137110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A variety of crystals have been identified in both normal and pathological connective tissues. Calcium phosphate \u2018cuboidal\u2019 microcrystal deposition has been found, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in femoral articular cartilage, where they are distributed as a band 5\u201350\u00a0\u00b5m beneath the articular surface. These cuboid microcrystals have been identified as magnesium whitlockite. Our objective was to investigate their presence in the human intervertebral disc. In this study, two degenerate and 15 scoliotic discs were examined using light microscopy and TEM techniques to determine the presence of calcium phosphate crystals. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition was identified in one degenerate disc specimen. Using TEM and electron probe analysis, cuboid microcrystals were identified in the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus of both degenerate specimens, but not in the discs from young scoliotic patients. Cuboid microcrystal deposition was found predominantly around cells, which were mainly necrotic, with some association with extracellular lipidic\/membranous debris. This is the first TEM report of whitlockite in the intervertebral disc. In one specimen coexistence of cuboid and CPPD crystal deposition was found.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00504.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,13]],"date-time":"2006-01-13T13:46:58Z","timestamp":1137160018000},"page":"13-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Calcium phosphate microcrystal deposition in the human intervertebral disc"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike V.","family":"Kayser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Yousuf","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(81)90072-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"1555","article-title":"Apatite type crystal deposition in arthritic cartilage","volume":"4","author":"Ali SY","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scann Electron Microsc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(92)90720-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","unstructured":"AliSY ScotchfordC(1992)Electron microscopy and X ray analysis of calcium phosphate microcrystals in human articular cartilage. InElectron Microscopy 3. EUREM Granada Spain pp.633\u2013634."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"S161","article-title":"Tricalcium phosphate crystal identification in human cartilage. An ultrastructural and elemental analysis","volume":"35","author":"Bardin T","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arth Rhem"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199506000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1979.tb01830.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"555","article-title":"The intervertebral nucleus pulposus, its anatomy, its physiology, its pathology","volume":"12","author":"Calv\u00e9 J","year":"1930","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","unstructured":"Dunbar ReesR(1995)Presence of Mg whitlockite crystals in knee articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis.BSc research project University of London Institute of Orthopaedics RNOHT Stanmore."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199005000-00046","article-title":"The distribution of calcific deposits in the intervertebral discs of the lumbosacral spine","volume":"254","author":"Feinberg J","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Orth Rel Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Whitlockite a new calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2","volume":"26","author":"Frondel C","year":"1941","journal-title":"Am Miner"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.38.8.873"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"Intramatrical lipidic debris and calcified bodies in human semilunar cartilages","volume":"132","author":"Ghadially FN","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100090111"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01002772"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X ray microanalysis studies of several calculi containing calcium phosphate crystals","volume":"8","author":"Kodaka T","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scan Microsc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"345","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalyses of the crystalline components of human and dental calculi","volume":"2","author":"LeGeros RX","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scan Microsc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Die Altersveranderungen der Zwischenwirbelknorpel","author":"Luschka H","year":"1855","journal-title":"Arch Path Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(81)90476-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.42.Suppl_1.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780261008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Crystals and arthritis","volume":"40","author":"McCarty DJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dis A Month"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","first-page":"487","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy and X ray analyses of human salivary stones","volume":"6","author":"Mishima H","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scan Microsc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"Apatite associated arthropathies, preliminary ultrastructural studies","author":"Pritzker KPH","year":"1976","journal-title":"Scan Electron Microsc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30936-6","article-title":"Aging and degeneration in the lumbar intervertebral disc","volume":"8","author":"Pritzker KPH","year":"1977","journal-title":"Orth Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","first-page":"365","volume-title":"Cell Mediated Calcification and Matrix Vesicles","author":"Rees JA","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(93)90118-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100110517"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","unstructured":"RowlesSL(1968)The precipitation of whitlockite from aqueous solution.Bull Soc Chimie France1797\u20131802."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02407170"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0739-6260(92)90056-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"Calcium phosphate crystal distribution in the superficial zone of human femoral head articular cartilage","volume":"181","author":"Scotchford CA","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.54.5.339"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(05)80041-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.4.231"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/208384a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","first-page":"387","volume-title":"Scientific Foundations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology","author":"Taylor TK","year":"1980"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7580.2006.00504.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00504.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T03:04:00Z","timestamp":1696993440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00504.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00504.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00504.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8782","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-01-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}