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Consequently, they are commonly subject to overuse injuries (enthesopathies) that are well documented in a number of sports. In this review, we focus on the structure\u2013function correlations of entheses on both the hard and the soft tissue sides of the junction. Particular attention is paid to mechanical factors that influence form and function and thus to exploring the relationship between entheses and exercise. The molecular parameters indicative of adaptation to mechanical stress are evaluated, and the basis on which entheses are classified is explained. The application of the \u2018enthesis organ\u2019 concept (a collection of tissues adjacent to the enthesis itself, which jointly serve the common function of stress dissipation) to understanding enthesopathies is considered and novel roles of adipose tissue at entheses are reviewed. A distinction is made between different locations of fat at entheses, and possible functions include space\u2010filling and proprioception. The basic anchorage role of entheses is considered in detail and comparisons are explored between entheses and other biological \u2018anchorage\u2019 sites. The ability of entheses for self\u2010repair is emphasized and a range of enthesopathies common in sport are reviewed (e.g. tennis elbow, golfer's elbow, jumper's knee, plantar fasciitis and Achilles insertional tendinopathies). Attention is drawn to the degenerative, rather than inflammatory, nature of most enthesopathies in sport. The biomechanical factors contributing to the development of enthesopathies are reviewed and the importance of considering the muscle\u2013tendon\u2013bone unit as a whole is recognized. Bony spur formation is assessed in relation to other changes at entheses which parallel those in osteoarthritic synovial joints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00540.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,18]],"date-time":"2006-04-18T15:48:01Z","timestamp":1145375281000},"page":"471-490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":689,"title":["Where tendons and ligaments meet bone: attachment sites (\u2018entheses\u2019) in relation to exercise and\/or mechanical load"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Toumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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