{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:03:15Z","timestamp":1787166195748,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]],"date-time":"2006-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using cleared\u2010and\u2010stained whole mounts and computer\u2010aided three\u2010dimensional reconstructions made from serial histological sections, we studied the development of the pectoral girdle in <jats:italic>Discoglossus pictus<\/jats:italic>, an extant member of an ancient frog lineage, represented for example by <jats:italic>Eodiscoglossus<\/jats:italic> from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous periods in Europe. Basic developmental features were compared with those of extinct Temnospondyli, considered to be the most probable anuran ancestors, and with <jats:italic>Triadobatrachus<\/jats:italic>, an early Triassic proanuran. In the endochondral girdle, the separate scapula and coracoid of <jats:italic>Discoglossus<\/jats:italic> and other anurans (completed by suprascapular and procoracoid cartilages) evolved from the compact scapulocoracoid of temnospondyls by paedomorphosis. In parallel, the dermal ossifications of the girdle were reduced to a small clavicle and cleithrum. The overall reduction in ossification of the anuran pectoral girdle supports the hypothesis of a paedomorphic origin for Anura. The almost simultaneous appearance of dermal and endochondral ossifications may be explained by the accumulation of developmental events during a short, distinct metamorphosis (which did not occur in neotenic temnospondyls living permanently in water). The sternal elements seem to be neomorphs for the most part, which help to cushion the shock of landing in jumping anurans but which also evolved as functional substitutes (insertion area for the pectoralis muscles) of the temnospondyl interclavicle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00583.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]],"date-time":"2006-06-23T08:53:53Z","timestamp":1151052833000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Transformation of the pectoral girdle in the evolutionary origin of frogs: insights from the primitive anuran <i>Discoglossus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"209","author":[{"given":"Pavla","family":"Havelkov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zbyn\u011bk","family":"Ro\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0094837300006588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Formation of the scapular part of the pectoral girdle in anuran larvae","volume":"8","author":"Baleeva NV","year":"2001","journal-title":"Russ J Herpetol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"The scapulocoracoid of an early Triassic stem\u2010frog from Poland","volume":"47","author":"Borsuk\u2010Bia\u0142ynicka M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Palaeontol Pol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02985954"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"1150","volume-title":"Amphibian Biology","author":"Boy JA","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"979","volume-title":"Amphibian Biology","author":"Clack JA","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1922.tb01020.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"The zonal and sternal skeleton of the Leiopelmidae (Anura)","volume":"87","author":"De Vos CM","year":"1938","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801847806"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1983.tb04278.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1929.tb00696.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"A discoglossid frog from the Middle Jurassic of England","volume":"33","author":"Evans SE","year":"1990","journal-title":"Palaeontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0031-0239.2000.00141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"The Anatomy of the Salamander","author":"Francis ETB","year":"1934"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Anatomie des Frosches. 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