{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:37:55Z","timestamp":1792625875633,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,30]],"date-time":"2011-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1319932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using D2\u201040 immunohistochemistry, we assessed the distribution of peripheral lymphatic vessels (LVs) in the head\u2010and\u2010neck region of four midterm fetuses without nuchal edema, two of 10\u2003weeks and two of 15\u2003weeks\u2019 gestation. We observed abundant LVs in the subcutaneous layer, especially in and along the facial muscles. In the occipital region, only a few LVs were identified perforating the back muscles. The parotid and thyroid glands were surrounded by LVs, but the sublingual and submandibular glands were not. The numbers of submucosal LVs increased from 10 to 15\u2003weeks\u2019 gestation in all of the nasal, oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cavities, but not in the palate. The laryngeal submucosa had an extremely high density of LVs. In contrast, we found few LVs along bone and cartilage except for those of the mandible as well as along the pharyngotympanic tube, middle ear, tooth germ, and the cranial nerves and ganglia. Some of these results suggested that cerebrospinal fluid outflow to the head LVs commences after 15\u2003weeks\u2019 gestation. The subcutaneous LVs of the head appear to grow from the neck side, whereas initial submucosal LVs likely develop <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> because no communication was evident with other sites during early developmental stages. In addition, CD68\u2010positive macrophages did not accompany the developing LVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01441.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,31]],"date-time":"2011-10-31T04:50:20Z","timestamp":1320036620000},"page":"102-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The anatomy of fetal peripheral lymphatic vessels in the head\u2010and\u2010neck region: an immunohistochemical study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Kwang Ho","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Sung","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon Soo","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baik Hwan","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Katori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001420103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsgi.2006.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(11)80391-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2010.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.22660"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1449","article-title":"The 2000 revision of the Declaration of Helsinki: a step forward or more confusion?","volume":"358","author":"Heidi PF","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2006.02478.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2010.01229.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0725-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/15396850360495682"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-1-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI26354"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1993.tb00476.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","article-title":"Fetal topographical anatomy of the upper abdominal lymphatics: its specific features in comparison with other abdominopelvic regions","author":"Kim JH","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(96)80113-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-006-0075-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.55.525"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008200903318287"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Extravasculare Saftbahnen des Augapfels und Sehnerven und ihre Bezieung zu den orbitalen Lymphgefaessen","volume":"31","author":"Nishimura\u2010Magari S","year":"1953","journal-title":"Acta Schole Med Univ Kioto Jpn"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.71.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2008.1001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-7-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"The embryonic development of the main lymphatics in man","volume":"18","author":"van der Putte SCJ","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Morphol Neerl-Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","volume-title":"Anatomie des lymphatiques de l\u2019Homme","author":"Rouvi\u00e8re H","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000090104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"709","volume-title":"Manual of Human Embryology, Vol. 2","author":"Sabin FR","year":"1912"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7580.2011.01441.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01441.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T20:41:53Z","timestamp":1698698513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01441.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,30]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01441.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01441.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8782","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-10-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}