{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T18:36:58Z","timestamp":1779302218009,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,7]],"date-time":"2006-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Individual differences in conduct problems arise in part from proneness to anger\/frustration and poor self\u2010regulation of behavior. However, the genetic and environmental etiology of these connections is not known.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Method:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Using a twin design, we examined genetic and environmental covariation underlying the well\u2010documented correlations between anger\/frustration, poor attention regulation (i.e., task persistence), and conduct problems in childhood. Participants included 105 pairs of MZ twins and 154 pairs of same\u2010sex DZ twins (4\u20138\u2003year olds). Independent observers rated child persistence and affect based on behavior during a challenging in\u2010home cognitive and literacy assessment. Teachers and parents provided reports of conduct problems.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Persistence, anger\/frustration, and conduct problems included moderate heritable and nonshared environmental variance; conduct problems included moderate shared environmental variance as well. Persistence and anger\/frustration had independent genetic covariance with conduct problems and nonshared environmental covariance with each other.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The findings indicate genetically distinct though inter\u2010related influences linking affective and self\u2010regulatory aspects of temperament with behavior problems in childhood.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01653.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,7]],"date-time":"2006-09-07T07:25:52Z","timestamp":1157613952000},"page":"80-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Anger\/frustration, task persistence, and conduct problems in childhood: a behavioral genetic 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