{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:08:55Z","timestamp":1791234535328,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,26]],"date-time":"2006-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1161820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The current study examined the neuro\u2010cognitive network of visual word rhyming judgment in 14 children with dyslexia and 14 age\u2010matched control children (8\u2010 to 14\u2010year\u2010olds) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    In order to manipulate the difficulty of mapping orthography to phonology, we used conflicting and non\u2010conflicting trials. The words in conflicting trials either had similar orthography but different phonology (e.g., pint\u2010mint) or similar phonology but different orthography (e.g., jazz\u2010has). The words in non\u2010conflicting trials had similar orthography and phonology (e.g., gate\u2010hate) or different orthography and phonology (e.g., press\u2010list).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    There were no differences in brain activation between the controls and children with dyslexia in the easier non\u2010conflicting trials. However, the children with dyslexia showed less activation than the controls in left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45\/44\/47\/9), left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), left inferior temporal gyrus\/fusiform gyrus (BA 20\/37) and left middle temporal gyrus (BA 21) for the more difficult conflicting trials. For the direct comparison of conflicting minus non\u2010conflicting trials, controls showed greater activation than children with dyslexia in left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 9\/45\/46) and medial frontal gyrus (BA 8). Children with dyslexia did not show greater activation than controls for any comparison.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Reduced activation in these regions suggests that children with dyslexia have deficient orthographic representations in ventral temporal cortex as well as deficits in mapping between orthographic and phonological representations in inferior parietal cortex. The greater activation for the controls in inferior frontal gyrus could reflect more effective top\u2010down modulation of posterior representations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01684.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,26]],"date-time":"2006-10-26T06:34:55Z","timestamp":1161844495000},"page":"1041-1050","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Deficient orthographic and phonological representations in children with dyslexia revealed by brain activation patterns"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tali","family":"Bitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai\u2010Li","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas D.","family":"Burman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","article-title":"Language lateralization and the role of the fusiform gyrus in semantic processing in young children","author":"Balsamo L.M.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.5.2.252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0864-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","article-title":"The interaction of orthographic and phonological information in children: An fMRI study","author":"Bitan T.","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2005.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0911-6044(03)00019-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"812","article-title":"Visual word recognition: A multistage activation model","volume":"19","author":"Borowski R.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Phonological processes in literacy: A tribute to Isabelle Y. 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