{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:37:51Z","timestamp":1793173071806,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,24]],"date-time":"2006-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1161648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Increasing numbers of young children referred for a differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) necessitates better understanding of the early syndrome expression and the utility of the existing state\u2010of\u2010the art diagnostic methods in this population.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Method:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Out of 31 infants under the age of 2\u2003years referred for a differential diagnosis, 19 were diagnosed with autism, and 9 with pervasive developmental disorder \u2013 not otherwise specified (PDD\u2010NOS) when reassessed at 3\u2003years. We examined 1) the symptoms of ASD in the second year and changes in the syndrome expression by the age of three; 2) relationship between expert\u2010assigned clinical diagnosis and diagnostic classification based on Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule\u2010Generic (ADOS\u2010G) and Autism Diagnostic Interview\u2010Revised (ADI\u2010R) in the second year; 3) the relationship between direct observation and parental report of ASD symptoms.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Symptoms of autism and PDD\u2010NOS in the second year were pronounced and stability of the clinical diagnosis was high. The agreement between clinician\u2010assigned autism but not PDD\u2010NOS diagnosis and the ADOS\u2010G was high. However, sensitivity of the ADI\u2010R diagnostic classification of autism was poor. Comparison of concurrent parental report and direct observation revealed discrepancies in severity ratings of key dyadic social behaviors. Changes in communication reflected acquisition of language accompanied by the emergence of unusual language characteristics. Symptoms of social dysfunction were relatively stable over time, and so was the severity of stereotyped behaviors.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The study provides support for stability of clinical diagnosis and syndrome expression in the second year and highlights advantages and limitations of the ADI\u2010R and ADOS\u2010G for diagnosing and documenting symptoms of ASD in infants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01685.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,24]],"date-time":"2006-10-24T11:42:08Z","timestamp":1161690128000},"page":"128-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":281,"title":["Autism spectrum disorder in the second year: stability and change in syndrome expression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Chawarska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ami","family":"Klin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhea","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Volkmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200006000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"The emergence of symbols: Cognition and communication in infancy","author":"Bates E.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-004-2545-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014836521114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.24.3093"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1133"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.33.5.781"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","article-title":"Diagnostic and developmental profiles of 2\u2010year\u2010olds with autism spectrum disorders","author":"Chawarska K.","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders","author":"Chawarska K.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)60228-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00488"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000022604.22374.5f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000037414.33270.a8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021943802493"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000005998.47370.ef"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","volume-title":"The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS): Revised algorithms for improved diagnostic validity","author":"Gotham K.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"Handbook of infant and toddler mental health assessment","author":"Klin A.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005415823867"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01669.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Autism spectrum disorders: A transactional developmental perspective. 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