{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:50:36Z","timestamp":1790625036504,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Co\u2010morbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disorder (RD) is frequent. The objective of this investigation was to assess the potential uniqueness of co\u2010morbid ADHD\u2003+\u2003RD and extend existing findings to the Hebrew language.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Method:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    A parallel group design with post\u2010hoc analysis of group differences was employed comparing four groups of children (19 ADHD, 17 RD, 27 ADHD\u2003+\u2003RD, and 23 controls) on reading measures, attention and executive functions (EF) as well as functions of phonemic awareness and rapid naming. Forward stepwise regressions were run in order to delineate significant relationships between phonemic awareness, rapid naming, attention and EF with outcome variables of reading.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The co\u2010morbid group shared the basic characteristic impairments in attention and executive functions with the pure ADHD group and in reading domain functions with the pure RD group. In addition, this group showed unique deficits in rapid naming and a more severe impairment in working memory. Forward stepwise regression pointed to associations between executive functions and word reading accuracy in children with ADHD, in contrast to associations between linguistic functions and word accuracy in non\u2010ADHD.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The combination of cognitive deficits in the subgroup of children with both ADHD and RD and the relationship between accuracy in word decoding and executive functions shown for the ADHD groups point to a distinct clinical profile of the co\u2010morbid condition. Attention and EF should be considered in the diagnosis of RD and in the remediation protocol.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01710.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T12:19:07Z","timestamp":1172146747000},"page":"455-463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["The relationship between attention, executive functions and reading domain abilities in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and reading disorder: a comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Bental","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Tirosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00424"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00919454"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","volume-title":"Test for Reception of Grammar","author":"Bishop D.V.M.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"2151","volume-title":"Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry","author":"Cantwell D.P.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01441570"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00619"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","volume-title":"Conners\u2019 Rating Scales\u2013Revised: Technical manual","author":"Conners C.K.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649609540637"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Attention, memory, and executive function","author":"Denckla M.B.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(74)80009-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","volume-title":"Test of Handwriting Quality","author":"Eres N.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(87)90067-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","volume-title":"Frequency of reading disabilities and its characteristics among 4th grade Jewish readers in Israel","author":"Hadar J.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","volume-title":"Wisconsin Card Sorting Test manual: Revised and expanded","author":"Heaton R.K.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","volume-title":"The Matching Familiar Figures Test","author":"Kagan J.","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1994.1027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(84)90080-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.107.3.468"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.29.3.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","volume-title":"Porteus Maze Test: Fifty years\u2019 application","author":"Porteus S.D.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025731529006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1057356980140103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00227"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic Battery for Reading Processes in the Hebrew Language","author":"Shalem Z.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","unstructured":"Share D.L.(1996).Working Memory Number Span Test.Unpublished test. 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