{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:44:06Z","timestamp":1790196246270,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,12]],"date-time":"2009-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1231718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Although a lot is known about the association of conduct problems with bullying, less attention has been paid to co\u2010occurring traits, such as callous\u2010unemotional (CU) traits that might additionally contribute to the risk of engaging in bullying. This study investigated the contribution of CU traits to direct and indirect bullying, alongside the contributions made by conduct problems and gender.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Seven hundred and four 11\u201313\u2010year\u2010olds completed self\u2010report measures of callous\u2010emotional traits and psychopathology, including conduct problems. Peer\u2010report measures of direct and indirect bullying were collected from classmates.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Higher levels of CU traits were associated with higher levels of direct bullying, over and above the association between bullying and conduct problems. Conduct problems and CU traits interacted in the prediction of both direct and indirect bullying. In line with previous research, males were more likely to engage in direct and females in indirect bullying.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study highlights the importance of viewing CU traits and conduct problems, not only as related phenomena, but also as distinct entities in mediating the underlying susceptibility of children to bully others directly. Furthermore, a combination of these traits appears to be a particularly potent risk factor for both direct and indirect bullying. Implications for intervention are discussed, in particular the concern that lack of empathy and insensitivity to punishment in those with CU traits may also make them particularly resistant to current forms of bullying intervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.02012.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,12]],"date-time":"2009-01-12T06:46:50Z","timestamp":1231742810000},"page":"471-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["The contribution of callous\u2010unemotional traits and conduct problems to bullying in early adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Essi","family":"Viding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Simmonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.V.","family":"Petrides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norah","family":"Frederickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"Aiken L.S.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410125042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.8.4.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0143034396174002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2388"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"II17","article-title":"Evaluation of the self\u2010reported SDQ in a clinical setting: Do self\u2010reports tell us more than ratings by adult informants?","volume":"13","author":"Becker A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-3588.2006.00394.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2337(1992)18:2<117::AID-AB2480180205>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2005.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-835X.1994.tb00637.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8279.1992.tb01000.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Handbook of school violence and school safety from research to practice","author":"Cornell D.T.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.3.400"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.018150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Ethnicity and education. 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