{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T07:16:26Z","timestamp":1768029386384,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,23]],"date-time":"2011-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1324598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Previous studies have linked marital conflict, parenting, and externalizing problems in early childhood. However, these studies have not examined whether genes account for these links nor have they examined whether contextual factors such as parental personality or financial distress might account for links between marital conflict and parenting. We used an adoption design to allow for a clear examination of environmental impact rather than shared genes of parents and children, and assessments of parental personality and financial strain to assess the effects of context on relationships between marriage and parenting of both mothers and fathers.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Method:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Participants were 308 adoption\u2010linked families comprised of an adopted child, her\/his biological mother (BM), adoptive mother (AM) and adoptive father (AF). BMs were assessed 3\u20136 and 18\u2003months postpartum and adoptive families were assessed when the child was 18 and 27\u2003months old. Structural equations models were used to examine associations between marital hostility, fathers\u2019 and mothers\u2019 parenting hostility, and child aggressive behavior at 27\u2003months of age. In addition, the contribution of financial strain and adoptive parent personality traits was examined to determine the associations with the spillover of marital hostility to hostile parenting.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    A hostile marital relationship was significantly associated with hostile parenting in fathers and mothers, which were associated with aggressive behavior in toddlers. Subjective financial strain was uniquely associated with marital hostility and child aggression. Antisocial personality traits were related to a more hostile\/conflicted marital relationship and to hostile parenting.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Results clarify mechanisms that may account for the success of early parent\u2013child prevention programs that include a focus on parental economic strain and personality in addition to parent training.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02510.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,23]],"date-time":"2011-12-23T04:09:28Z","timestamp":1324613368000},"page":"401-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Fathering and mothering in the family system: linking marital hostility and aggression in adopted toddlers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Carla 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