{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:26:07Z","timestamp":1791170767960,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]],"date-time":"2012-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    To evaluate associations between attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid psychiatric disorders using research\u2010identified incident cases of ADHD and population\u2010based controls.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Subjects included a birth cohort of all children born 1976\u20131982 remaining in Rochester, MN after age five (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u20035,718). Among them we identified 379 ADHD incident cases and 758 age\u2010gender matched non\u2010ADHD controls, passively followed to age 19\u2003years. All psychiatric diagnoses were identified and abstracted, but only those confirmed by qualified medical professionals were included in the analysis. For each psychiatric disorder, cumulative incidence rates for subjects with and without ADHD were estimated using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method. Corresponding hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox models adjusted for gender and mother\u2019s age and education at the subject\u2019s birth. The association between ADHD and the likelihood of having an internalizing or externalizing disorder was summarized by estimating odds ratios (OR).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder was associated with a significantly increased risk of adjustment disorders (HR\u2003=\u20033.88), conduct\/oppositional defiant disorder (HR\u2003=\u20039.54), mood disorders (HR\u2003=\u20033.67), anxiety disorders (HR\u2003=\u20032.94), tic disorders (HR\u2003=\u20036.53), eating disorders (HR\u2003=\u20035.68), personality disorders (HR\u2003=\u20035.80), and substance\u2010related disorders (HR\u2003=\u20034.03). When psychiatric comorbidities were classified on the internalization\u2010externalization dimension, ADHD was strongly associated with coexisting internalizing\/externalizing (OR\u2003=\u200310.6), or externalizing\u2010only (OR\u2003=\u200310.0) disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    This population\u2010based study confirms that children with ADHD are at significantly increased risk for a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Besides treating the ADHD, clinicians should identify and provide appropriate treatment for psychiatric comorbidities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02567.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]],"date-time":"2012-05-31T04:53:16Z","timestamp":1338439996000},"page":"1036-1043","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":232,"title":["Childhood ADHD is strongly associated with a broad range of psychiatric disorders during adolescence: a population\u2010based birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Kouichi","family":"Yoshimasu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Barbaresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Colligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Voigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill M.","family":"Killian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slavica K.","family":"Katusic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00424"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.3.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"184","volume-title":"Attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder","author":"Barkley R.A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01750.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"Software for optimal matching in observational studies","volume":"7","author":"Bergstralh E.J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31816429d3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2003.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.1.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707002668"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054705278777"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2009.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-0624-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"ADHD comorbidities. Handbook for ADHD complications in children and adults","author":"Brown T.E.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-201006000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9444-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2008.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200310000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200102000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1958.10501452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2004.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/73.11.1053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.8.5.555"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1081-54"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000153232.64968.c1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/71.3.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-008-0067-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370505000808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200105000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e3181573137"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"ADHD and comorbidity in childhood","volume":"67","author":"Spencer T.J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2009.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000166173.72815.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200203000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Common comorbidities seen in adolescents with attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"19","author":"Young J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adolescent Medical State of the Art Review"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7610.2012.02567.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02567.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:40:12Z","timestamp":1762177212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02567.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02567.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02567.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9630","1469-7610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]]}}}