{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:13:40Z","timestamp":1784546020691,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,30]],"date-time":"2004-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2556,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Membrane potential (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>) and resistance (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>) of ventral respiratory group (VRG) neurons were measured in the isolated brainstem\u2013spinal cord from newborn rats during bath application of the opioid receptor agonists fentanyl or [D\u2010Ala<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, D\u2010Leu<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>]\u2010enkephalin (Ala\u2010Leu\u2010Enk) and of the prostaglandin E<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub> (PGE<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>PGE<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (0.1\u20133 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) and fentanyl or Ala\u2010Leu\u2010Enk (1\u201350 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) produced depression and, at higher doses, block of inspiratory nerve activity and respiration\u2010related postsynaptic potentials. This apnoea was associated with hyperpolarization and <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> fall in 25% of thirty\u2010two VRG neurons tested, whereas resting <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> were not changed in the other cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The selective <jats:italic>\u03bc\u2010<\/jats:italic> and \u03b4\u2010receptor blockers naloxonazine (10\u201320 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) and naltrindole (50\u2013100 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M) antagonized the effects of 5 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> fentanyl and 50 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M Ala\u2010Leu\u2010Enk, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Opioid\u2010 and PGE<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010evoked respiratory depression was reversed upon elevation of endogenous cAMP levels by stimulating adenylyl cyclase with 100 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M forskolin, activating dopamine D<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptors with 50\u2013100 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> 6\u2010chloro\u20107,8\u2010dihydroxy\u20103\u2010allyl\u20101\u2010phenyl\u20102,3,4,5\u2010tetrahydro\u20101H\u20103\u2010benzazepine (6\u2010chloro\u2010APB) or preventing cAMP breakdown with 50\u2013100 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> isobutylmethylxanthine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The results indicate that opioid\u2010 or prostaglandin\u2010induced respiratory depression is due to a fall in cAMP levels in cells responsible for generation of rhythm or providing a tonic drive to the respiratory network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We suggest that elevation of cAMP levels is an effective antidote in neonates against such forms of respiratory depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.127bf.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,30]],"date-time":"2004-09-30T07:45:11Z","timestamp":1096530311000},"page":"127-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["cAMP\u2010dependent reversal of opioid\u2010 and prostaglandin\u2010mediated depression of the isolated respiratory network in newborn rats"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"504","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Ballanyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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