{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T13:06:17Z","timestamp":1774962377836,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,22]],"date-time":"2004-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1095811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2183,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"abstract":"\n\nCultured human capillary endothelial cells (HCEC) contain a large inward rectifier current, I<\/jats:italic>K(IR)<\/jats:sub>, that can be abolished by removing external K+<\/jats:sup> or by adding 50 \u03bcm<\/jats:sc> Ba2+<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nWe show that I<\/jats:italic>K(IR)<\/jats:sub> is responsible for maintaining the hyperpolarized potential (\u221260.6 \u00b1 0.5 mV, n<\/jats:italic>= 83<\/jats:styled-content>) of HCEC. Blocking I<\/jats:italic>K(IR)<\/jats:sub> with 50 \u03bcm<\/jats:sc> Ba2+<\/jats:sup> shifts the zero current level and depolarizes HCEC by 36.5 \u00b1 1.3 mV (n<\/jats:italic>= 4<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nIncreasing external Ca2+<\/jats:sup> concentration ([Ca2+<\/jats:sup>]o<\/jats:sub>) from 0.5 to 7 mm<\/jats:sc> reduces the magnitude of I<\/jats:italic>K(IR)<\/jats:sub> by 36.5 \u00b1 2.3 % (n<\/jats:italic>= 5<\/jats:styled-content>) and depolarizes the cells by 10.33 \u00b1 2.4 mV (n<\/jats:italic>= 3<\/jats:styled-content>), whereas decreasing [Ca2+<\/jats:sup>]o<\/jats:sub> from 1.8 to 0.5 mm<\/jats:sc> increases the amplitude of I<\/jats:italic>K(IR)<\/jats:sub> by 6.9 \u00b1 1.9 % (n<\/jats:italic>= 4<\/jats:styled-content>). The relationship between [Ca2+<\/jats:sup>]o<\/jats:sub> and the percentage block of I<\/jats:italic>K(IR)<\/jats:sub> gives a K<\/jats:italic>d<\/jats:sub> value of 5.4 \u00b1 0.6 mm<\/jats:sc> at \u2212120 mV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nI<\/jats:italic>\n K(IR)<\/jats:sub> is also blocked by other divalent ions, with Ba2+<\/jats:sup> >> Sr2+<\/jats:sup> > Mg2+<\/jats:sup> > Mn2+<\/jats:sup>= Ca2+<\/jats:sup>, and the block of peak current at \u2212120 mV being 85.3 \u00b1 3.2 % (n<\/jats:italic>= 5<\/jats:styled-content>) for 50 \u03bcm<\/jats:sc> Ba2+<\/jats:sup>, 62.9 \u00b1 2.2 % (n<\/jats:italic>= 5<\/jats:styled-content>) for 5 mm<\/jats:sc> Sr2+<\/jats:sup>, 40.7 \u00b1 2.5 % (n<\/jats:italic>= 9<\/jats:styled-content>) for 5 mm<\/jats:sc> Mg2+<\/jats:sup>, 33.4 \u00b1 2.1 % (n<\/jats:italic>= 5<\/jats:styled-content>) for 5 mm<\/jats:sc> Mn2+<\/jats:sup> and 32.9 \u00b1 2.1 % (n<\/jats:italic>= 5<\/jats:styled-content>) for 5 mm<\/jats:sc> Ca2+<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nThe voltage dependence of Sr2+<\/jats:sup> block of peak I<\/jats:italic>K(IR)<\/jats:sub> occurred with a K<\/jats:italic>d<\/jats:sub> value of 1.0 \u00b1 0.09 mm<\/jats:sc> for \u2212140 mV, 1.9 \u00b1 0.16 mm<\/jats:sc> for \u2212130 mV, 3.1 \u00b1 0.28 mm<\/jats:sc> for \u2212120 mV, 4.6 \u00b1 0.34 mm<\/jats:sc> for \u2212110 mV and 6.4 \u00b1 0.5 mm<\/jats:sc> for \u2212100 mV (n<\/jats:italic>= 5<\/jats:styled-content>), with a calculated electrical distance (\u03b4) of 0.44 from the outside.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.119bf.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,22]],"date-time":"2004-09-22T07:56:18Z","timestamp":1095839778000},"page":"119-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Divalent ion block of inward rectifier current in human capillary endothelial cells and effects on resting membrane potential"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"512","author":[{"given":"Flora","family":"Jow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Numann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.3.12.2477294"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199602)166:2<274::AID-JCP4>3.3.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"H687","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor increases microvascular permeability via a Ca2+\u2010dependent pathway","volume":"273","author":"Bates D. 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