{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:17:12Z","timestamp":1791155832171,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,22]],"date-time":"2004-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1095811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2183,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Whole\u2010cell voltage\u2010clamp recordings in an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> brainstem\u2010cranial nerve explant preparation were used to assess the local circuitry activated by vagal input to nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) neurones in immature rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>All neurones that responded to vagal stimulation displayed EPSCs of relatively constant latency. Approximately 50 % of these also demonstrated variable\u2010latency IPSCs, and \u223c31 % also displayed variable\u2010latency EPSCs to vagal stimulation. All neurones also had spontaneous EPSCs and IPSCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Evoked and spontaneous EPSCs reversed near 0 mV and were blocked by the glutamate AMPA\/kainate receptor antagonists 6,7\u2010nitroquinoxaline\u20102,3\u2010dione (DNQX) or 6\u2010cyano\u20107\u2010nitroquinoxaline\u20102,3\u2010dione (CNQX) at rest. Evoked EPSCs had rapid rise times (&lt; 1 s) and decayed monoexponentially (\u03c4= 2.04 \u00b1 0.03 ms) at potentials near rest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>At holding potentials positive to \u223c\u221250 mV, a slow EPSC could be evoked in the presence of DNQX or CNQX. This current peaked at holding potentials near \u221225 mV and was blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist <jats:sc>dl<\/jats:sc>\u20102\u2010amino\u20105\u2010phosphonovaleric acid (AP5). It was therefore probably due to activation of NMDA receptors by vagal afferent fibres.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Fast IPSCs reversed near \u221270 mV and were blocked by the GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonist bicuculline. In addition, bicuculline enhanced excitatory responses to vagal stimulation and increased spontaneous EPSC frequency. Antagonists to AMPA\/kainate receptors reversibly blocked stimulus\u2010associated IPSCs and also decreased the frequency of spontaneous IPSCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These findings suggest that glutamate mediates synaptic transmission from the vagus nerve to neurones in the immature NTS by acting at non\u2010NMDA and NMDA receptors. NTS neurones may also receive glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic input from local neurones that can be activated by vagal input and\/or regulated by amino acid inputs from other brainstem neurones.1. Whole\u2010cell voltage\u2010clamp recordings in an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> brainstem\u2010cranial nerve explant preparation were used to assess the local circuitry activated by vagal input to nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) neurones in immature rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.149bf.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,22]],"date-time":"2004-09-22T07:56:18Z","timestamp":1095839778000},"page":"149-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Vagally evoked synaptic currents in the immature rat nucleus tractus solitarii in an intact <i>in vitro<\/i> preparation"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"512","author":[{"given":"Bret N.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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