{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:19:02Z","timestamp":1787771942093,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,5]],"date-time":"2004-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1131,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Studies of the effect of vagus nerve stimulation on ventricular myocardial function in mammals are limited, particularly in the human.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The present study was designed to determine the effect of direct electrical stimulation of the left vagus nerve on left ventricular contractile state in hearts paced at 10 % above the natural rate, in anaesthetised pigs and anaesthetised human subjects undergoing open chest surgery for coronary artery bypass grafting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Contractility of the left ventricle was determined from a series of pressure\u2010volume loops obtained from a combined pressure and conductance (volume) catheter placed in the left ventricle. From the measurements a regression slope of the end\u2010systolic pressure\u2010volume relationship was determined to give end\u2010systolic elastance (Ees), a load\u2010independent measure of contractility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In six anaesthetised open chest pigs, stimulation of the peripheral cut end of the left cervical vagus nerve induced a significant decrease in Ees of 26 \u00b1 14 %.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In nine patients electrical stimulation of the left thoracic vagus nerve close to its cardiac branch resulted in a significant drop in Ees of 38 \u00b1 16 %.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The effects of vagal stimulation were blocked by the muscarinic antagonist glycopyrronium (5 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Administration of the \u03b2\u2010adrenoreceptor antagonist esmolol (1 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) also attenuated the effect of vagal stimulation, indicating a degree of interaction of vagal and sympathetic influences on contractility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These studies show that in the human and pig heart the left vagus nerve can profoundly decrease the inotropic state of the left ventricular myocardium independent of its bradycardic effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.00547.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,5]],"date-time":"2004-08-05T09:53:45Z","timestamp":1091699625000},"page":"547-552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Vagus nerve stimulation decreases left ventricular contractility <i>in vivo<\/i> in the human and pig heart"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"534","author":[{"given":"M. E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. H.","family":"Al\u2010Khalidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. S.","family":"Bonser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Clutton\u2010Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Paterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. N.","family":"Townend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. H.","family":"Coote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00613-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11181-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.70.5.812"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.4.1249"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019056"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00195052"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(95)00384-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)40829-5","article-title":"Cardiac muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Biochemical identification and characterization","volume":"253","author":"Fields J. Z.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198910123211506"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"H1290","article-title":"Effects of autonomic nerve stimulation, asynchrony, and load on dP\/dt\n                  max and on dP\/dt\n                  min","volume":"260","author":"Henning R. J.","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00837-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00468-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.50.5.948"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Neurocardiology","author":"Levy M. N.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The parasympathetic neuroeffector junction of the heart","volume":"37","author":"Loffelholz K.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(69)90005-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)00423-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/eph8602169"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","volume-title":"Cardiac Contraction and the Pressure\u2010Volume Relationship","author":"Sagawa K.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","first-page":"F72","article-title":"The autonomic nervous system and sudden death","volume":"19","author":"Schwartz P. J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/6553"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(78)90212-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","first-page":"H2167","article-title":"The effect of vagal stimulation on left ventricular systolic and diastolic performance","volume":"266","author":"Xenopoulos N. P.","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Alterations in cardiac autonomic receptors following 6\u2010hydroxydopamine treatment in rats","volume":"18","author":"Yamada S.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Molecular Pharmacology"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7793.2001.00547.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.00547.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T04:53:18Z","timestamp":1697259198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.00547.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.00547.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.00547.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]}}}