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Plants and algae prevent reactive oxygen species (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content>) formation by activation of nonphotochemical quenching (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPQ<\/jats:styled-content>), which dissipates excess excitation energy as heat. Although <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPQ<\/jats:styled-content> is found in both algae and plants, these organisms rely on two different proteins for its activation, Light harvesting complex stress\u2010related (LHCSR) and Photosystem II subunit S (PSBS). In the moss <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>hyscomitrella patens<\/jats:italic>, both proteins are present and active.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Several <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0patens<\/jats:italic> lines depleted in or over\u2010expressing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSBS<\/jats:styled-content> and\/or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LHCSR<\/jats:styled-content> at various levels were generated by exploiting the ability of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>hyscomitrella<\/jats:italic> to undergo homologous recombination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The analysis of the transgenic lines showed that either protein is sufficient, alone, for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPQ<\/jats:styled-content> activation independently of the other, supporting the idea that they rely on different activation mechanisms. Modulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSBS<\/jats:styled-content> and\/or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LHCSR<\/jats:styled-content> contents was found to be correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPQ<\/jats:styled-content> amplitude, indicating that plants and algae can directly modulate their ability to dissipate energy simply by altering the accumulation level of one or both of these proteins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The availability of a large range of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0patens<\/jats:italic> genotypes differing in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSBS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LHCSR<\/jats:styled-content> content allowed comparison of their activation mechanisms and discussion of implications for the evolution of photoprotection during land colonization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2012.04345.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,25]],"date-time":"2012-09-25T20:25:03Z","timestamp":1348604703000},"page":"763-773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Coexistence of plant and algal energy dissipation mechanisms in the moss <i>Physcomitrella patens<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"196","author":[{"given":"Caterina","family":"Gerotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia Universit\u00e0 di Padova Via Ugo Bassi 58 B 35121 Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Alboresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Universit\u00e0 di Verona Strada le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio 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