{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:34:20Z","timestamp":1791311660483,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":1065,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Phytologist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>rabidopsis, the fatty acid moiety of sphingolipids is mainly \u03b1\u2010hydroxylated. The consequences of a reduction in this modification were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Mutants of both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Fatty Acid Hydroxylase<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> genes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>AtFAH1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>AtFAH2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) were analysed for sphingolipid profiles. To elucidate further consequences of the mutations, metabolic analyses were performed and the influence on pathogen defence was determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Ceramide and glucosylceramide profiles of double\u2010mutant plants showed a reduction in sphingolipids with \u03b1\u2010hydroxylated fatty acid moieties, and an accumulation of sphingolipids without these moieties. In addition, the free trihydroxylated long\u2010chain bases and ceramides were increased by five\u2010 and ten\u2010fold, respectively, whereas the amount of glucosylceramides was decreased by 25%. Metabolite analysis of the double mutant revealed salicylates as enriched metabolites. Infection experiments supported the metabolic changes, as the double mutant showed an enhanced disease\u2010resistant phenotype for infection with the obligate biotrophic pathogen <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>olovinomyces cichoracearum<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In summary, these results suggest that fatty acid hydroxylation of ceramides is important for the biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids. Its absence leads to the accumulation of long\u2010chain bases and ceramides as their precursors. This increases salicylate levels and resistance towards obligate biotrophic fungal pathogens, confirming a role of sphingolipids in salicylic acid\u2010dependent defence reactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2012.04351.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T17:10:49Z","timestamp":1349111449000},"page":"1086-1097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["<scp>A<\/scp>rabidopsis mutants of sphingolipid fatty acid \u03b1\u2010hydroxylases accumulate ceramides and salicylates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"196","author":[{"given":"Stefanie","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biochemistry Albrecht\u2010von\u2010Haller\u2010Institute for Plant Sciences Georg\u2010August\u2010University Justus\u2010von\u2010Liebig\u2010Weg 11 37077 G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstin","family":"Feussner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biochemistry Albrecht\u2010von\u2010Haller\u2010Institute for Plant Sciences Georg\u2010August\u2010University Justus\u2010von\u2010Liebig\u2010Weg 11 37077 G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marnie","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Cell Biology Albrecht\u2010von\u2010Haller\u2010Institute for Plant Sciences Georg\u2010August\u2010University Julia\u2010Lermontowa\u2010Weg 3 37077 G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kaever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics Institute of Microbiology and Genetics Georg\u2010August\u2010University Goldschmidtstr. 1 37077 G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Iven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biochemistry Albrecht\u2010von\u2010Haller\u2010Institute for Plant Sciences Georg\u2010August\u2010University Justus\u2010von\u2010Liebig\u2010Weg 11 37077 G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Landesfeind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics Institute of Microbiology and Genetics Georg\u2010August\u2010University Goldschmidtstr. 1 37077 G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Ternes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biochemistry Albrecht\u2010von\u2010Haller\u2010Institute for Plant Sciences Georg\u2010August\u2010University Justus\u2010von\u2010Liebig\u2010Weg 11 37077 G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Karlovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Sciences Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research Group Georg\u2010August\u2010University Grisebachstr. 6 37077 G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Lipka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Cell Biology Albrecht\u2010von\u2010Haller\u2010Institute for Plant Sciences Georg\u2010August\u2010University Julia\u2010Lermontowa\u2010Weg 3 37077 G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Feussner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biochemistry Albrecht\u2010von\u2010Haller\u2010Institute for Plant Sciences Georg\u2010August\u2010University Justus\u2010von\u2010Liebig\u2010Weg 11 37077 G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.109.145094"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.092569"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1163732"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2012.00068"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.218202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2011.04829.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.107.057851"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"942","article-title":"Short technical reports. 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