{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:21:20Z","timestamp":1761488480442},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1226448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12338,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1975,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The subject of perinatal injury to the spinal cord is briefly reviewed. Recognized causative factors are traction on the infant's trunk during breech delivery, rotational stresses applied to the spinal axis, traction on the cord via the brachial plexus in shoulder dystocia, and hyperextension of the fetal head in breech delivery or transverse presentation. Recognition of these factors is the basis for prevention of this terrible accident.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Diagnostic criteria at various periods of life are mentioned and the importance of the recognition of anaesthesia and reflex movements is emphasized. Treatment is mainly supportive. The development of an automatic reflex bladder evacuation is discussed. Follow\u2010up examinations and resourceful orthopedic care are essential.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A few affected children learn to live with their disability and a very few who are apparently transected at birth recover surprisingly well.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>R\u00c9SUM\u00c9<\/jats:title><jats:p>L\u00e9sions de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re \u00e0 la naissance<\/jats:p><jats:p>Les auteurs revoient bri\u00e8vement les l\u00e9sions p\u00e9rinatales de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re. Les facteurs reconnus en cause sont la traction sur le tronc de l'enfant en cas de pr\u00e9sentation par le si\u00e8ge, des d\u00e9formations rotatoires applicu\u00e9es \u00e0 l'axe spinal, les tractions sur la moelle par le plexus bracchial dans les dystocies de l'\u00e9paule et l'hyperextension de la t\u00eate du foetus dans les pr\u00e9sentations par le si\u00e8ge ou transverses.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Les crit\u00e8res de diagnostic aux diff\u00e9rentes p\u00e9riodes de la vie sont mention\u00e9s et l'importance d'une reconnaissance d'anesth\u00e9sie ou de mouvement r\u00e9flexes est soulign\u00e9e. Le traitement est essentiellement pr\u00e9ventif. Le d\u00e9veloppement d'une \u00e9vacuation v\u00e9sicale r\u00e9flexe automatique chez ces enfants est indiqu\u00e9. Des examens r\u00e9guliers \u00e0 longs termes et les corrections orthop\u00e9diques sont essentielles.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Quelques enfants apprennent \u00e0 vivre avec leur trouble et un petit nombre ayant eu apparemment une section compl\u00e8te \u00e0 la naissance pr\u00e9sente en fair une r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration surprenante.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>ZUSAMMENFASSUNG<\/jats:title><jats:p>R\u00fcckenmarksverletzungen bei der Geburt<\/jats:p><jats:p>Es wird ein kurzer \u00dcberblick \u00fcber die perinatalen Verletzungen des R\u00fcckenmarks gegeben. Anerkannte Ursachen sind der Zug am kindlichen Stamm bei der manuellen Entwicklung, die Rotationsbelastung, die auf das R\u00fcckenmark einwirkt, der Zug am R\u00fcckenmark \u00fcber den Plexus brachialis bei Dystocie der Schulter und die Hyperextension des kindlichen Kopfes bei der manuellen Entwicklung oder bei Querlage.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Die diagnostischen Kriterien in verschiedenen Lebensabschnitten werden dargelegt und die Bedeutung der Beurteiling von An\u00e4sthesien und Reflexverhalten betont. Die Behandlung besteht haupts\u00e4chluch in unterst\u00fctzenden Ma\u00dfnahmen. Die Entwicklung einer automatischen Entleerung der Reflexblase bei diesen Kindern wird hervorgehoben. Wesentlich sind Nachuntersuchungen in langen Intervallen und einfallsreiche orthop\u00e4dische Betreuung.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Wenige der betroffenen Kinder lernen mit ihrer Behinderung zu leben und nur sehr wenige, die bei der Geburt offensichtlich querschnittsgel\u00e4hmt waren, erholen sich \u00fcberraschend gut.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESUMEN<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lesiones medulares al nacer<\/jats:p><jats:p>Se revisan brevemente las lesiones perinatales de la m\u00e9dula espinal. Los factores causales reconocidos son: tracci\u00f3n del tronco del ni\u00f1o en el parto de nalgas, esfuerzos rotacionales aplicados sobre el eje espinal, tracci\u00f3n de la m\u00e9dula a trav\u00e9s del plexo branquial en la distocia de hombro, e hiperextensi\u00f3n de la cabeza fetal en el parto de nalgas o en la presentaci\u00f3n transversa.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Se mencionan los criterios diagn\u00f3sticos en diversos per\u00edodos de la vida y se da importancia al reconocimiento de la anestesia y de los movimientos reflejos. El tratamiento es s\u00f3lo paliativo. Se da importancia al desarrollo de la evacuaci\u00f3n vesical por refiejo autom\u00e1tico en estos ni\u00f1os. Son esenciales ex\u00e1menes continuados en largos intervalos, as\u00edcomo cuidados ortop\u00e9dicos.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Unos pocos ni\u00f1os aprenden a vivir con su minusval\u00eda y un n\u00famero muy peque\u00f1o con aparente secci\u00f3n medular al nacer consiguen una sorprendente recuperaci\u00f3n.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1975.tb04967.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]],"date-time":"2010-07-15T05:53:36Z","timestamp":1279173216000},"page":"103-110","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Spinal\u2010cord Injuries During Birth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Randolph K.","family":"Byers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Cervical cord injuries secondary to hyperextension of the head in breech presentations","volume":"41","author":"Abroms I. 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