{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:13:56Z","timestamp":1760955236050},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1226448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9904,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>A study was undertaken in order to establish the normal range of phrenic nerve latencies in children, to determine whether phrenic nerve stimulation can distinguish diaphragmatic palsy from eventration of the diaphragm, and to determine the effect of neuromuscular disorders on phrenic nerve latencies in children.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Ninety\u2010four children were examined, of whom 31 had neuromuscular disorder and 63 were controls. Among the controls, phrenic nerve latencies decreased from 32 weeks gestational \u00e2ge to six months postnatal age, despite an increase in stimulus\u2010response distance. However, the latencies were prolonged in two of four children with isolated phrenic nerve palsies, and in five of six children with Guillain\u2010Barre syndrome, although they were normal in children with congenital eventration of the diaphragm, spinal muscular atrophy, poliomyelitis (with one exception), and in \u00e0 miscellaneous group of children with other neuromuscular disorders.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Measurement of phrenic nerve latency may detect diaphragmatic weakness early in the course of demyelinating neuropathies, and can be useful in distinguishing between eventration and phrenic palsies as causes of elevated diaphragm. In patients with generalised peripheral neuropathies, the procedure may sometimes detect diaphragmatic involvement even before other evidence of ventilatory insufficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>R\u00c9SUM\u00c9<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conduction du nerf phrenique chez l'enfant<\/jats:p><jats:p>Une \u00e9tude \u00e0\u00e9t\u00e9 entreprise dans le but d'\u00e9tablir la variation normale des latences sur le nerf phrenique chez l'enfant, de d\u00e9terminer si la stimulation du nerf phr\u00e9nique peut permettre de differencier paralysie et eventration diaphragmatiques, d'appr\u00e9cier les influences des troubles neuromusculaires sur les latences du nerf phrenique chez l'enfant.<\/jats:p><jats:p>94 enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9s dont 31 avec troubles neuromusculaires et 63 contr\u00f4les. Parmi les contr\u00f4les, les latences du nerf phrenique d\u00e9croissaient depuis un \u00e2ge conceptuel de 32 semaines jusqu'\u00e1 un \u00e2ge postnatal de six mois, et cela en d\u00e9pit d'un accroissement de distance entre lieu de stimulus et lieu de r\u00e9ponse. Cependant, les latences etaient longues chez deux des quatre enfants pr\u00e9sentant une paralysie isol\u00e9e du nerf phrenique et cinq des six enfants avec syndrome de Guillain\u2010Barre. Les latences etaient normales chez les enfants presentant une eventration cong\u00e9nitale du diaphragme, un syndrome de Werdnig\u2010Hoffman, une poliomyelite (avec une exception), et dans le groupe d'enfants presentant d'autres troubles neuromusculaires vari\u00e9s.<\/jats:p><jats:p>La mesure de la latence du nerf phrenique permet de d\u00e9pister pr\u00e9coc\u00e9ment la faiblesse diaphragmatique au cours des neuropathies di\u00e9my\u00e9linisantes et peut etre utile pour differencier eventration et paralysie phrenique en cas de diaphragme haut. Chez les sujets presentant une neuropathie p\u00e9riph\u00e8rique g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e, la m\u00e9thode peut parfois d\u00e9celer l'atteinte diaphragmatique avant meme d'autres manifestations d'insuffisance ventilatoire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>ZUSAMMENFASSUNG<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nervenleitung des N. phrenicus bei Kindern<\/jats:p><jats:p>E list eine Studie durchgef\u00fchurt worden zur Bestimmung der Normalwerte der Latenzzeiten des N. Phrenicus bei Kindern, zur Feststellung ob durch Stimulation des N. phrenicus zwischen einer Lahmung des Zwerchfells und einem angeborenen Zwerchfellhochstand unterschieden werden kann und zur Beurteilung der Einfl\u00fcsse neuromuskul\u00e4rer Erkrankungen auf die Latenz des N. phrenicus.<\/jats:p><jats:p>94 Kinder wurden untersucht, davon hatten 31 neuromuskul\u00e4re Erkrankungen und 63 waren Kontrollen. Bei den Kontrollen nahm die Latenz des N. phrenicus von der 32 sten Gestationswoche bis zum Alter von sechs Monaten nach der Geburt ab, trotz einer Zunahme der Leitungsstrecke. Dagegen waren die Latenzen bei zwei von vier Kindern mit isolierten L\u00e4hmungen des N. phrenicus verlangert, sowie bei f\u00fcnf von sechs Kindern mit Guillain\u2010Barre Syndrom; obwohl sie bei Kindern mit angeborenem Zwerchfellhochstand, spinaler Muskelatrophie, Poliomyelitis (mit einer Ausnahme) und bei einer gemischten Gruppe von Kindern mit anderen neuromuskularen Erkrankungen normal waren.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Die Latenzmessung des N. phrenicus kann im Verlauf einer demyelinierenden Neuropathie fr\u00fchzeitig eine Schw\u00e4che des Zwerchfells aufdecken und kann als diagnostisches Mittel beim Zwerchfellhochstand zur Unterscheidung zwischen einem angeborenen Zwerchfellhochstand und einer L\u00e4hmung des N. phrenicus herangezogen werden. Bei Patienten mit generalisierten peripheren Neuropathien kann diese Untersuchung manchmal eine Zwerchfellbeteiligung aufdecken, noch lange bevor andere Hinweise auf eine Ventilationsinsuffizienz auftreten.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESUMEN<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conduction del nervio fr\u00e9nico en ni\u00f1os<\/jats:p><jats:p>Se realiz\u00f3 un estudio para establecer el margen normal de latencias del nervio fr\u00e9nico, en ni\u00f1os, para determinar si la estimulacion del nervio frenico puede distinguir la paralisis diafragmatica de la eventracion del diafragma, y para determinar el efecto de las alteraciones neuromusculares en las latencias del nervio frenico en ni\u00f1os.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Se examinaron noventa y cuatro ni\u00f1os, de los cuales 31 tenian alteraciones neuromusculares y 63 eran controles. Entre los controles, las latencias del nervio fr\u00e9nico disminu\u00edan \u00e0 partir de las 32 semanas de edad gestacional hasta los seis meses de edad postnatal, \u00e0 pesar de un aumento en la distancia de estimulo\u2010respuesta. Sin embargo, las latencias eran prolongadas en dos de cuatro ni\u00f1os con paralisis aisladas del nervio frenico, y en cinco de seis ni\u00f1os con sindrome de Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9, aunque eran normales en ni\u00f1os con eventraci\u00f3n cong\u00e9nita del diafragma, atrofia muscular espinal, poliomielitis (con una excepti\u00f3n), y en un grupo miscelaneo de ni\u00f1os con otras alteraciones neuromusculares.<\/jats:p><jats:p>La medici\u00f3n de la latencia del nervio fr\u00e9nico puede detectar debilidad diaphragm\u00e1tica precoz en el curso de una neuropatia desmielinizante, y puede ser utilizada para distinguir entre eventracidn y par\u00e1lisis fr\u00e9nicas como causas de un diafragma elevado. En pacientes con neuropatias perif\u00e9ricas generalizadas, el procedimiento puede detectar en ocasiones una afectaci\u00f3n diafragmatica incluso antes de que haya aparecido otra evidencia de insuficiencia ventilatoria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1981.tb02016.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]],"date-time":"2010-07-15T06:39:01Z","timestamp":1279175941000},"page":"434-448","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Phrenic Nerve Conduction in Children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Moosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1963.tb05519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1978.44.6.909"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(71)80184-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.51.12.974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.30.5.420"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1469-8749.1981.tb02016.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1981.tb02016.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T18:53:13Z","timestamp":1699123993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1981.tb02016.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,10]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1981.tb02016.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1981.tb02016.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1622","1469-8749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1622","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-11-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}