{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T22:41:33Z","timestamp":1772664093816,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]],"date-time":"2007-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The efficacy of repeated botulinum toxin A (BTX\u2010A) injections in two and three dose regimes, together with occupational therapy, on upper limb movement and function, was studied using an evaluator blinded, randomized, controlled two\u2010group trial. Forty\u2010two children (31 males, 11 females; range 2\u20138y, mean 4y [SD 1y 7mo]) with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System Level I) longitudinally participated for 30 months, with the first 6 months reported earlier (Lowe et al. 2006). The BTX\u2010A group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=21) received three injections (0, 6, and 18mo), while the delayed group had two (6 and 18mo; dose 0.5\u20102.1 units\/kg, mean 1.5 [SD 0.18]; dilution 100 units\/0.5ml). At 30 months, no difference existed between groups on any standardized measures. First and second injections showed significant treatment effect sizes, on Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (5.5 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.01: 4.5 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.03); parent Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS; 3.5 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.02: 3.9 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.01; therapist GAS 7.8 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.00: 4.0 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.03); Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (performance 0.4 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.05: 0.4 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.02; satisfaction 0.4 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.05: 0.37 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.08); and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory functional skills (1.8 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.00: 2.3 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.04). BTX\u2010A was not linked to adverse events, suggesting repeated upper limb injections in children with hemiplegia receiving occupational therapy were safe and effective for improvement of movement and function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.00823.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]],"date-time":"2009-06-23T07:42:07Z","timestamp":1245742927000},"page":"823-829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Repeat injection of botulinum toxin A is safe and effective for upper limb movement and function in children with cerebral palsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Kevin","family":"Lowe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iona","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Cusick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07408.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.108393"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200001000-00012"},{"issue":"96","key":"e_1_2_2_5_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"A single blind randomized trial of botulinum toxin A (BTX\u2010A) and upper limb training in congenital hemiplegia \u2010 activity, participation, and 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