{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:22:02Z","timestamp":1791523322311,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled study compared the efficacy of inhaled nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) with enteral midazolam for sedation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) undergoing botulinum toxin A (BoNT\u2010A) injections. Fifty children (29 males, 21 females; mean age 8y 2mo [SD 4y 5mo]; range 1\u201316y) were randomized to sedation with N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=25) or midazolam (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=25). Groups were similar in type of CP (diplegia, 11; triplegia, three; quadriplegia, 16; hemiplegia, 16; other, three) and Gross Motor Function Classification System level (Level I, 4; II, 24; III, 4; IV, 13; V, 5). Both groups were equally sedated at time of injection (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.661), but those in the midazolam group were more sedated at time of discharge (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O was more effective in reducing pain compared with midazolam as measured using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.010), parental estimate of pain (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.009), and nursing estimate of pain (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.007). Parents in the N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O group rated it better than prior sedation with midazolam for BoNT\u2010A injections (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.031). Physicians and nurses reported no difference in ease of procedure between the groups. One child in the midazolam group and eight in the N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O group had adverse effects, all of which resolved promptly. N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O appears to be an effective means of sedation for children undergoing outpatient BoNT\u2010A injections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03069.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]],"date-time":"2009-06-23T07:34:02Z","timestamp":1245742442000},"page":"854-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Effectiveness of sedation using nitrous oxide compared with enteral midazolam for botulinum toxin A injections in children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Judith L","family":"Zier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick F","family":"Rivard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda E","family":"Krach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather R","family":"Wendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0016"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2425"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.08.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2003.00619.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000141131.66648.E9"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200305010-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.4.e47"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.84.6.492"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.112003"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199903000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.00621.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annrmp.2007.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_2","first-page":"29","article-title":"Creation of a nurse\u2010administered nitrous oxide sedation program for radiology and beyond","volume":"34","author":"Farrell MK","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2780"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/88.2.241"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200211000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.152.2.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00200"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380101600209"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.08.343"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162206000697"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.00635.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200629070-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.00918.x"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1469-8749.2008.03069.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03069.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T14:21:18Z","timestamp":1697034078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03069.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03069.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03069.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1622","1469-8749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1622","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-10-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}