{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T22:53:22Z","timestamp":1784674402140,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,3]],"date-time":"2009-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A variety of autoantibodies have been identified with complex neurological disorders including limbic encephalitis. The underlying trigger for the immune\u2010mediated process and the role of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of limbic encephalitis remain to be clarified. Here, we report a 16\u2010year\u2010old female who was diagnosed with acute\u2010onset non\u2010neoplastic limbic encephalitis. The initial treatment with pulse doses of i.v. methylprednisolone improved the neurological symptoms. During the next 12 months, progressive decline was reported in her academic functioning and seizure control. Additional diagnostic evaluation revealed no evidence of malignancy or central nervous system infection but circulating anti\u2010GAD antibodies were present in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Intravenous gammaglobulin infusion was initiated and continued monthly. Intravenous and oral steroids were added to the intravenous immunoglobulin treatment because of the worsening course and seizures, despite treatment with antiepileptic medications. Screening for quantitative immunoglobulins demonstrated hypogammaglobulinaemia with low immunoglobulin M and G in addition to low immunoglobulin A levels. There was a lack of protective pneumococcal antibody titers before and after immunization. Therefore, common variable immunodeficiency was suspected despite there being no history of recurrent infections. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a possible link between immune\u2010mediated limbic encephalitis and immune deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03217.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,3]],"date-time":"2009-02-03T09:21:31Z","timestamp":1233652891000},"page":"563-567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Limbic encephalitis associated with anti\u2010GAD antibody and common variable immune deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"CIGDEM I","family":"AKMAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MARC C","family":"PATTERSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ARYE","family":"RUBINSTEIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RONIT","family":"HERZOG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(66)92876-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e31813e34a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-001-0027-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1071375"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000113754.29225.5D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10713"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21050"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.1_Part_1.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.089268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.43.1.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2003.00672.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000305981.53537.d9"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1469-8749.2008.03217.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03217.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T21:06:41Z","timestamp":1696972001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03217.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03217.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03217.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1622","1469-8749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1622","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-06-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}