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Immediately after birth the infant\u2019s affective experiences, especially those embedded in the relationship with the primary caregiver, trigger the reorganization and adaptive fine\u2010tuning of synaptic circuits. Research in humans and in animal models supports the hypothesis that socio\u2010emotional deprivation and emotional trauma during early childhood may leave \u2018scars\u2019 in prefronto\u2010limbic function, brain regions that are essential for emotional behaviour, learning, and memory. The focus of this review is to point out that mechanisms involved in structuring and optimizing neural circuits during brain development might also be used in moulding personality and behaviour during psychotherapy in the adult brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.04056.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,25]],"date-time":"2011-09-25T16:20:28Z","timestamp":1316967628000},"page":"14-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["The experience\u2010dependent maturation of prefronto\u2010limbic circuits and the origin of developmental psychopathology: implications for the pathogenesis and therapy of behavioural disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"KATHARINA","family":"BRAUN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00d6RG","family":"BOCK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh181"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0033910"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.27.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91420-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20543"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(00)89046-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.3.379","article-title":"Childhood trauma and preceived parental dysfunction in the etiology of dissociative symptoms in psychiatric inpatients","volume":"156","author":"Drayer N","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00054-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"156","volume-title":"The Childhood Environment and Adult Disease","author":"Rutter M","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1165791"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00797308.1945.11823126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000191143.75673.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","volume-title":"Fifty Years of Attachment Theory: Recollections of Donald Winnicott and John Bowlby","author":"Bowlby R","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2485"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00385-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2434663100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(91)90178-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420110511"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890130107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20726"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3344","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-11-03344.1991","article-title":"Social deprivation of infant rhesus monkeys alters the chemoarchitecture of the brain. 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