{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T02:05:55Z","timestamp":1770775555383,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,23]],"date-time":"2012-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aim\u2002<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study was to investigate the association between heavy maternal alcohol consumption and pre\u2010 peri\u2010 and postneonatally acquired cerebral palsy (CP).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method\u2002<\/jats:bold> The records of all mothers with an International Classification of Diseases, revision 9 or 10 (ICD\u20109\/\u201010) alcohol\u2010related diagnostic code, indicating heavy alcohol consumption, recorded on population\u2010based health, mental health, and drug and alcohol data sets from 1983 to 2007, and their children were identified through the Western Australian Data\u2010linkage System. This \u2018exposed\u2019 cohort was frequency matched with mothers without an alcohol\u2010related diagnosis and their offspring (comparison group). Cases of CP were identified through linkage with the Western Australia CP Register. Analyses were undertaken using multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> There were 23\u2003573 live births in the exposed group (58.6% non\u2010Aboriginal; 41.4% Aboriginal) and 292 cases of CP. The odds of pre\/perinatally acquired CP were elevated for children of non\u2010Aboriginal mothers with an alcohol\u2010related diagnosis recorded during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio 3.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30\u20138.48) and for Aboriginal children when an alcohol\u2010related diagnosis was recorded up to 12 months before the mother\u2019s pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio 2.49; 95% CI 0.99\u20136.25). Increased odds of postneonatally acquired CP following any alcohol\u2010related diagnosis were found for non\u2010Aboriginal children (adjusted odds ratio 7.92; 95% CI 2.23\u201328.14).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Interpretation\u2002<\/jats:bold> These results suggest that heavy maternal alcohol consumption is a direct cause of pre\/perinatally acquired CP, and an indirect cause of postneonatally acquired CP, in non\u2010Aboriginal children. The lack of an association for Aboriginal children requires further investigation but may be due to under ascertainment of alcohol use disorders during pregnancy and other aetiological pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.04201.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,23]],"date-time":"2012-01-23T14:36:57Z","timestamp":1327329417000},"page":"224-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Heavy maternal alcohol consumption and cerebral palsy in the offspring"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"COLLEEN M","family":"O\u2019LEARY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LINDA","family":"WATSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HEATHER","family":"D\u2019ANTOINE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"FIONA","family":"STANLEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CAROL","family":"BOWER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","unstructured":"HasinD.Classification of Alcohol Use Disorders.Alcohol Res Health2003;27:5\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","volume-title":"Literature Review: Parental Alcohol Misuse and the Impact on Children","author":"Burke S","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","volume-title":"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Guidelines for Referral and Diagnosis","author":"Gerberding JL","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.4.400"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","first-page":"693","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and their persisting sequelae in adult life","volume":"105","author":"Spohr HL","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agq063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1979.tb06170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2003.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1983.tb136074.x","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome: a great paediatric imitator","volume":"1","author":"Lipson A","year":"1983","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","first-page":"744","article-title":"Aetiology of cerebral palsy in children presenting at Tygerberg Hospital","volume":"1","author":"van Toorn R","year":"2007","journal-title":"SAJCH"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","unstructured":"ACPR Group. 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