{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:45:45Z","timestamp":1776354345843,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,12]],"date-time":"2012-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1336780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Develop Med Child Neuro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aim\u2002<\/jats:bold> The aim of this article was to identify and contrast the subset of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and non\u2010central nervous system (CNS) congenital malformations with children with CP but no coexisting non\u2010CNS congenital malformations.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method\u2002<\/jats:bold> A population\u2010based regional comprehensive CP registry was used to identify children with CP who had non\u2010CNS congenital malformations (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=34; 19 males, 15 females; 22 classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I\u2013III, 12 as GMFCS level IV or V). Their clinical features were then compared with other children with CP without non\u2010CNS congenital malformations (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=207; 115 males, 92 females; 138 classified as GMFCS levels I\u2013III, 69 as GMFCS level IV or V).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Children with CP and non\u2010CNS congenital malformations did not differ from those without in terms of neurological subtype distribution or functional severity, as measured by the GMFCS. Also, there was no association with previous maternal infections (i.e. toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 2 [TORCH]), maternal fever, use of illicit substances, asphyxia, neonatal encephalopathy, intraventricular haemorrhage, or septicaemia. The incidence of comorbidities such as convulsions, communication difficulties, gavage feeding, cortical blindness, and auditory impairment was not higher in this subgroup.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Interpretation\u2002<\/jats:bold> The incidence of congenital non\u2010CNS malformations among children with CP is appreciable. Children with these non\u2010CNS malformations do not appear to differ from other children with CP regarding neurological subtype, functional severity, and comorbidities, or maternal or obstetrical factors. Thus, the specific presence of a non\u2010CNS congenital malformation does not appear to assist the practitioner in the management or understanding of a child\u2019s CP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2012.04309.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,12]],"date-time":"2012-05-12T07:47:53Z","timestamp":1336808873000},"page":"748-752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Congenital non\u2010central nervous system malformations in cerebral palsy: a distinct subset?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"LAUREN","family":"SELF","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LYNN","family":"DAGENAIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MICHAEL","family":"SHEVELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","first-page":"633","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of children with cerebral palsy in Europe","volume":"44","author":"Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE)","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","first-page":"491","volume-title":"Pediatric Neurology: Principles & Practice","author":"Swaiman KF","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.tb12610.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","volume-title":"Cerebral Palsies: Epidemiology and Causal Pathways","author":"Stanley FJ","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3181870ba7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S001216220500112X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199401203300308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2004.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15410.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073810362759"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181aa537b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","first-page":"408","article-title":"The gross motor function classification system for cerebral palsy: a study of reliability and stability over time","volume":"35","author":"Wood E","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.10.974"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2006.tb01290.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.02045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03415.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.00252.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2007.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.107375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1997.02170480026004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Hospital stays, hospital charges, and in\u2010hospital deaths among infants with selected birth defects","volume":"56","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000275264.78506.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20751"}],"container-title":["Developmental Medicine &amp; 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