{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T01:47:14Z","timestamp":1794275234891,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,30]],"date-time":"2007-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reinforcement learning theory suggests that the feedback negativity should be larger when feedback is unexpected. Two recent studies found, however, that the feedback negativity was unaffected by outcome probability. To further examine this issue, participants in the present studies made reward predictions on each trial of a gambling task where objective reward probability was indicated by a cue. In Study 1, participants made reward predictions following the cue, but prior to their gambling choice; in Study 2, predictions were made following their gambling choice. Predicted and unpredicted outcomes were associated with equivalent feedback negativities in Study 1. In Study 2, however, the feedback negativity was larger for unpredicted outcomes. These data suggest that the magnitude of the feedback negativity is sensitive to violations of reward prediction, but that this effect may depend on the close coupling of prediction and outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00567.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,30]],"date-time":"2007-07-30T17:07:51Z","timestamp":1185815271000},"page":"905-912","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":438,"title":["It's worse than you thought: The feedback negativity and violations of reward prediction in gambling tasks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Greg","family":"Hajcak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason S.","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clay B.","family":"Holroyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"S22","article-title":"Examining the feedback error\u2010related negativity using predictive stimuli","volume":"43","author":"Baker R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"215","volume-title":"Models of information processing in the basal ganglia","author":"Barto A. G.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","volume-title":"VPM reference manual","author":"Cook E. W.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1992.tb01709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1977.tb01206.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1977.tb01312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1066893"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"S41","article-title":"Sensitivity of the feedback error\u2010related negativity to reward probability","volume":"43","author":"Gibson J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(83)90135-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2005.00278.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2005.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","volume-title":"Errors, conflicts, and the brain: Current opinions on response monitoring","author":"Holroyd C. B.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.109.4.679"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200312190-00037"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1980.tb00131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(82)90023-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","first-page":"S57","article-title":"Modulation of the fERN amplitude by reward expectancy","volume":"43","author":"Lee K.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","volume-title":"An introduction to the event\u2010related potential technique","author":"Luck S. J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.01417"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00999.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1997.9.6.788"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-05-01936.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.12.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.2.1.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl068"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh034"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","volume-title":"Electrophysiological correlates of performance monitoring and error detection in response to augmented feedback","author":"Oliveira F. T. P.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0082709"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00288-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00967-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh153"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4537-03.2004"}],"container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1469-8986.2007.00567.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00567.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T17:32:08Z","timestamp":1696959128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00567.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00567.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00567.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-5772","1469-8986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-5772","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,10]]}}}