{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T14:05:16Z","timestamp":1777471516947,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]],"date-time":"2011-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of studies investigating risky decision making focus on the high\u2010conflict condition, and very few consider the low\u2010conflict condition in which there is either a very high or a very low probability of risk. Even though the high\u2010risk condition and low\u2010risk condition are both considered low\u2010conflict decision scenarios and both behavioral outcomes are highly predictable, these conditions still differ in terms of the probabilities of reward and punishment. In the following study, we investigated both behavioral and electrophysiological correlates associated with high\u2010 and low\u2010risk conditions within the low\u2010conflict scenario, as well as high\u2010conflict condition, in a modified gambling game. The behavioral results showed that, within the low\u2010conflict scenario, the participants took more time to make the decision in the high\u2010risk condition compared to the low\u2010risk condition. The event\u2010related potentials (ERP) data showed that, during the decision making, the high\u2010risk condition evoked a more negative ERP deflection than did the low\u2010risk condition in the time window of 300\u2013500 ms (N400), which had a frontocentral focus of scalp distribution. The results suggested that the high\u2010risk condition was associated with a higher conflict between the participants' \u201cmotivationally based\u201d tendency to want to receive cards and the task instructions, which stated that the face value of the first two cards will strongly predict a low probability of success. It was further speculated that the N400 in the present study might be associated with anticipation of negative rewards, which was functionally equivalent to the FRN (feedback\u2010related negativity) to negative outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2011.01202.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]],"date-time":"2011-09-13T19:15:28Z","timestamp":1315941328000},"page":"1456-1461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Electrophysiological correlates of decision\u2010making in high\u2010risk versus low\u2010risk conditions of a gambling game"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinglin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.624"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5364.747"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1995.1034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(93)90009-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(83)90135-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00567.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(92)90054-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(99)00106-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1912631"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2003.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2004.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.3.803"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.3.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(85)91017-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"Ethics in research with human participants","author":"Sales B. 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