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The conditioned stimulus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>) was a flow resistor that slightly obstructs breathing; the unconditional stimulus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>) was a breathing occlusion. The paired group (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921) received 6 acquisition trials with paired <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> presentations. The unpaired group (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919) received 6 trials of unpaired <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> presentations. In the extinction phase, both groups were administered 6 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010only trials. Measurements included startle eyeblink response, electrodermal responses, and self\u2010reported <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> expectancy. In the paired group, startle blink responses were larger during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> compared to intertrial interval during acquisition and extinction. Electrodermal and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> expectancies were larger for the paired than for the unpaired group during acquisition, but not during extinction. The present paradigm successfully established interoceptive fear conditioning with panic\u2010relevant stimuli.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2012.01357.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,14]],"date-time":"2012-02-14T16:42:46Z","timestamp":1329237766000},"page":"821-828","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Learning to fear suffocation: A new paradigm for interoceptive fear conditioning"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Meike","family":"Pappens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Health Psychology University of Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elyn","family":"Smets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Health Psychology University of Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Vansteenwegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology University of Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Van Den Bergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Health Psychology University of Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse","family":"Van Diest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Health Psychology University of Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306\u20104530(96)00005\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic","author":"Barlow D. 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