{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:49:02Z","timestamp":1791996542722,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,22]],"date-time":"2003-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":539,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    Singleton pregnancy causes important changes in respiratory function. The incidence of twin pregnancies is increasing, but it is not known whether affected women suffer greater respiratory compromise. The aim of this study was to determine if changes in respiratory function during pregnancy in healthy women were greater in those with a twin pregnancy compared with those with a singleton pregnancy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    Cross sectional study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting<\/jats:bold>\n                    London teaching hospital.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Population<\/jats:bold>\n                    Healthy pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic and ultrasound department.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    A cross sectional study of respiratory function was performed in 68 women with twin pregnancies (17 examined in the first trimester, 35 second trimester, 16 third trimester) and 140 women with singleton pregnancies (28, 80, 40, respectively) and 22 non\u2010pregnant women. Women were examined once between 7 and 40 weeks of gestation. Forced vital capacity, relaxed vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak flow, inspiratory capacity, functional residual capacity (FRC), expiratory reserve volume, pulmonary diffusing capacity and minute ventilation were measured.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    Both in twin and singleton pregnancies, the mean FRC and expiratory reserve volume of women studied in the third trimester and minute ventilation of women studied in each trimester differed significantly from that of the non\u2010pregnant women. There were, however, no significant differences demonstrated in respiratory function between healthy women with twin as compared with singleton pregnancies.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    In healthy women, the extra demands of a twin compared with a singleton pregnancy do not compromise further the respiratory system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.01515.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,22]],"date-time":"2003-12-22T11:03:53Z","timestamp":1072091033000},"page":"765-769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Respiratory function in singleton and twin pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Fionnuala","family":"McAuliffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Kametas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerrard F.","family":"Rafferty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Greenough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kypros","family":"Nicolaides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"568","article-title":"Pulmonary function in pregnancy. 1: Serial observations in normal women","volume":"67","author":"Cugell DW","year":"1953","journal-title":"Am Rev Tuberc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"387","article-title":"Investigation of respiratory function in pregnancy. 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Recommendations of the British Thoracic Society and the Association of Respiratory Technicians and Physiologists","volume":"88","author":"Anonymous","year":"1994","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09041950.005s1693"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","volume-title":"Lung Function, Assessment and Application in Medicine","author":"Cotes JE","year":"1993"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520796","article-title":"American Thoracic Society. Single\u2010Breath Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity (Transfer Factor). 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