{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:51:09Z","timestamp":1787503869903,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,22]],"date-time":"2004-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1098403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Although histories of abuse are associated with psychiatric illness in women, health professionals rarely enquire directly about such experiences. This study examined the association between physical and sexual violence and lifetime trauma and depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms in women receiving maternity care.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Cross sectional study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    South London Hospital maternity services.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Population\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Two hundred women receiving postnatal or antenatal care.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Two hundred women receiving postnatal or antenatal care at a South London maternity service were screened for lifetime experiences of trauma and domestic violence. Information was obtained about self\u2010harming behaviour, suicidal thoughts and attempts and psychiatric history. Women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PTDS).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    One hundred and twenty\u2010one (60.5%) women reported at least one traumatic event and two\u2010thirds of these had experienced multiple traumatic events. The most frequent (34%) was witnessing or experiencing physical assault by a family member. Forty\u2010seven (23.5%) women had experienced domestic violence. Physical and sexual abuse commonly co\u2010occurred. Thirteen (10.7%) women with a trauma history had current posttraumatic stress disorder. Severe posttraumatic symptoms were associated with physical and sexual abuse histories and repeat victimisation. Adult and childhood physical and sexual abuse histories were also associated with more severe depressive symptomatology. Significant social factors associated with depression were being single, separated or in a non\u2010cohabiting relationship.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Traumatic events are under\u2010recognised risk factors in the development of depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms in childbearing women. Childhood abuse creates a vulnerability to re\u2010traumatisation in adulthood. Awareness of the impact of trauma and abuse on psychological health may enable more appropriate targeting of clinical services and support for women receiving maternity care.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00307.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,5]],"date-time":"2005-07-05T14:40:06Z","timestamp":1120574406000},"page":"197-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Domestic violence, lifetime trauma and psychological health of childbearing women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Gillian","family":"Mezey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loraine","family":"Bacchus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Bewley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: the burden to the individual and to society","volume":"61","author":"Kessler RC","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.7.626"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006X.61.6.984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","volume-title":"Domestic Violence: A Health Care Issue","author":"British Medical Association","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.79.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"239","article-title":"Domestic violence: a hidden problem for general practice","volume":"46","author":"Richardson J","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.4.529"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05622-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11609.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.168.5.607"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90039-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","volume-title":"Standard Occupational Classification 2000","author":"Office for National Statistics","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","volume-title":"Standard Occupational Classification 2000","author":"Office for National Statistics","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1996.tb02577.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646839008403615"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.9.4.445"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","volume-title":"SPSS for Windows Professional Statistics Release 6.0","author":"Norussis M","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.15.3.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01674829809025698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006X.60.3.409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.153.3.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","volume-title":"The SAVI Report. 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