{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T08:56:10Z","timestamp":1774342570717,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,22]],"date-time":"2004-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1098403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2003<\/jats:bold> To compare, in parallel, different approaches of opportunistically screening women with bleeding in early pregnancy for <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold> Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2003<\/jats:bold> Early pregnancy assessment unit, University hospital, Scotland, UK.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Population\u2003<\/jats:bold> Over 200 consecutive women admitted to an early pregnancy assessment unit were recruited. All had a positive pregnancy test, a history of vaginal bleeding and were less than 24 weeks of gestation. Women with recent antibiotic use, heavy vaginal bleeding and cervical shock excluded.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2003<\/jats:bold> Each women provided two or more of the following specimens: a self\u2010administered vulval swab, first\u2010void urine and\/or endocervical swab. Following screening, each completed a semi\u2010structured questionnaire assessing the acceptability of each method undertaken.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Main outcome measure\u2003<\/jats:bold> Subjective rating of the screening methods; prevalence; method performance, including proportion requiring repeat testing.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2003<\/jats:bold> The majority accepted screening, with moderate prevalence rates (95% CI) 3.9% (2.0\u20137.4%) identified. All positive women were less than 30 years of age. Parallel screening exposed the potential of reduced test performance with urine. Non\u2010invasive sampling was more acceptable, but more likely to require repeat testing.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2003<\/jats:bold> Both acceptability and the effect of bleeding on test performance need further assessment before a particular specimen can be recommended for screening this population of women for <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00322.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,14]],"date-time":"2004-12-14T09:34:54Z","timestamp":1103016894000},"page":"103-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of endocervical, first\u2010void urine and self\u2010administered vulval swabs for the detection of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i> in a miscarriage population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Logan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Templeton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00266-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.3.1008-1016.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"830","article-title":"Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in early pregnancy using self\u2010administered vaginal swabs and first pass urines: a cross\u2010sectional community\u2010based survey","volume":"52","author":"Oakeshott P","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.11.3122-3126.1998","article-title":"Urine specimens from pregnant and nonpregnant women inhibitory to amplification of Chlamydia trachomatis nucleic acid by PCR, ligase chain reaction, and transcription\u2010mediated amplification: identification of urinary substances associated with inhibition and removal of inhibitory activity","volume":"36","author":"Mahony J","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Scottish Audit of the Management of Early Pregnancy Loss","author":"Scottish Program for Clinical Effectiveness in Reproductive Health (SPCERH)","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"418","volume-title":"Fourth Meeting of the European Society for Chlamydia Research (4)","author":"Michel C\u2010E","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1471-0528.2004.00322.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00322.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T03:50:53Z","timestamp":1696996253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00322.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,22]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00322.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00322.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-10-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}