{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:28:02Z","timestamp":1793755682264,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,17]],"date-time":"2004-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1103241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    To describe variations in genital dimensions of normal women.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Observational cross\u2010sectional study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital, University College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Population\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Fifty premenopausal women having gynaecological procedures not involving the external genitalia under general anaesthetic.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    A cross sectional study using digital photography and measurements of the external genitalia.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Clitoral size, labial length and width, colour and rugosity, vaginal length, distance from clitoris to urethral orifice, distance from posterior fourchette to anterior anal margin.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    A wide range of values were noted for each measurement. There was no statistically significant association with age, parity, ethnicity, hormonal use or history of sexual activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Women vary widely in genital dimensions. This information should be made available to women when considering surgical procedures on the genitals, decisions for which must be carefully considered between surgeon and woman.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00517.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,14]],"date-time":"2005-04-14T07:54:05Z","timestamp":1113465245000},"page":"643-646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":360,"title":["Female genital appearance: \u2018normality\u2019 unfolds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Jillian","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi S.","family":"Crouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine L.","family":"Minto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lih\u2010Mei","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Creighton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","volume-title":"Femalia","author":"Blank J","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","volume-title":"Rankin and Bailey Down Under","author":"Bailey D","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","volume-title":"Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical","author":"Gray H","year":"1901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","volume-title":"Anatomy of the Human Body","author":"Gray H","year":"1942"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","volume-title":"Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students","author":"Snell RS","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","volume-title":"Grays Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Medicine and Surgery","author":"Williams PL","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-199508000-00135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003450050055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05343-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200001000-00067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999638"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"41","article-title":"Clitoral size in normal women","volume":"80","author":"Verkauf BS","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00291-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-199806000-00031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.235.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","first-page":"1016","volume-title":"Harnrohrencapacitat und Tripperspritzen Munch Med Woechenschr","author":"Loeb H","year":"1899"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(00)70488-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","first-page":"284","article-title":"Hermaphroditism: recommendations concerning assignment of sex, change of sex and psychological management","volume":"97","author":"Money J","year":"1955","journal-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018670129611"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2002.15.9.1473"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12980-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.04572.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7378.1447"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; 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