{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:57:56Z","timestamp":1789851476452,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,25]],"date-time":"2005-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1106611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2003<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the levels of interleukin (IL)\u20106 and IL\u20108 in cervical and amniotic fluid in relation to the presence of bacteria in the membranes in women in preterm labour (PTL).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold> A prospective follow up study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2003<\/jats:bold> Sahlgrenska University Hospital, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Sample\u2003<\/jats:bold> Women with singleton pregnancies (&lt;34 weeks) presenting with PTL (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 30).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2003<\/jats:bold> Amniotic fluid was retrieved transabdominally and cervical fluid was sampled from the uterine cervix at admission and analysed for IL\u20106 and IL\u20108 with enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At birth, the chorioamniotic membranes were separated and samples for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic> and general culture were obtained.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Main outcome measure\u2003<\/jats:bold> IL\u20106 and IL\u20108 in relation to microbial invasion of the chorioamniotic membranes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2003<\/jats:bold> Bacteria were found in the membranes in 8 of 21 patients in PTL for whom chorioamnion as well as amniotic fluid PCR and cultures were available. Cervical IL\u20106 was associated with detectable bacteria in the chorioamniotic membranes in women in PTL (median 8.2 ng\/mL <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 0.73 ng\/mL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.01). The IL\u20106 (median 13 ng\/mL <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 1.7 ng\/mL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.004) and IL\u20108 (median 7.2 ng\/mL <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 0.28 ng\/mL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.01) levels in amniotic fluid were higher in PTL cases in which bacteria were found in the chorioamniotic membranes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2003<\/jats:bold> IL\u20106 in cervical fluid and IL\u20106 and IL\u20108 in amniotic fluid were higher in those PTL cases in which bacteria were found in the chorioamniotic membranes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00536.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,21]],"date-time":"2006-09-21T09:35:22Z","timestamp":1158831322000},"page":"719-724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Interleukin\u20106 and interleukin\u20108 in cervical and amniotic fluid: relationship to microbial invasion of the chorioamniotic membranes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Jacobsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger","family":"Mattsby\u2010Baltzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Hagberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2001.tb00303.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","volume-title":"Medical Birth Registration in 2000","author":"Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08035259950169594"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/080352502760148685"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807303390506"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-199203000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(05)70347-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90423-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70144-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2003.00157.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2003.00047.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.02445.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00594-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-198809000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70271-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70272-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90447-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198810133191503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90290-2"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"941","article-title":"The relationship of amniotic fluid cytokines and preterm delivery, amniotic fluid infection, histologic chorioamnionitis, and chorioamnion infection","volume":"81","author":"Hillier SL","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1994.tb03436.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.9.1745-1753.1988","article-title":"Optimal data processing procedure for automatic bacterial identification by gas\u2013liquid chromatography of cellular fatty acids","volume":"26","author":"Eerola E","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","article-title":"Interleukin\u20106 and interleukin\u20108 in cervical fluid in relation to intra\u2010amniotic inflammation, microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid and preterm delivery in a population of Swedish women in preterm labour","author":"Holst RM","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1000081"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70093-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-199402000-00003"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; 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