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This decrease is likely to be related to better prenatal care for all pregnant women because the recognition of primary risk factors in early or late pregnancy remains a basic part of prenatal care. The failure to distinguish between induced and spontaneous preterm labour in most population\u2010based studies makes it difficult to interpret results with respect to the primary predictors of preterm labour. Many such primary predictors of preterm labour have been used over the past 20\u201330 years. These include individual factors, socio\u2010economic factors, working conditions and obstetric and gynaecological history. Risk scores have been proposed in order to produce these data. Unfortunately, the predictive value of these scores, especially their specificity, is poor, mainly because all of these factors are indirect. We still cannot identify the mechanisms that lead to preterm labour and birth. New markers more directly related to preterm labour have recently been proposed, some of which relate to direct causes of preterm labour such as cervical ultrasound measurement, fetal fibronectin (FFN), salivary estriol, serum CRH and bacterial vaginosis. Several of these have predictive values, which are potentially useful for clinical practice. Nonetheless, pregnant women in developed countries are already closely monitored throughout pregnancy. Before proposing new screening tests to be applied systematically to all pregnant women, their advantages and drawbacks must be fully evaluated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00583.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,16]],"date-time":"2005-02-16T22:50:00Z","timestamp":1108594200000},"page":"38-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Primary predictors of preterm labour"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Goffinet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1974.2.1.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-198602000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/2.2.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.2.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-200112000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(90)90173-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00184.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1988.tb00192.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00489.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70042-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2003.00218.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf176"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(86)90048-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.45.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.39.2.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","first-page":"236","article-title":"Pregnant women's working conditions and their changes during pregnancy: a national study in France","volume":"44","author":"Saurel\u2010Cubizolles MJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(99)00598-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2003.008029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1978.tb04716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"Moderate alcohol use and pregnancy outcome","volume":"3","author":"Kaminski M","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(93)90200-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807303390506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.127140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70448-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90590-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","first-page":"227","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of the signs and symptoms of preterm labor","volume":"84","author":"Iams JD","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","first-page":"209","article-title":"Maturation signs of the cervix and prediction of preterm birth","volume":"68","author":"Bouyer J","year":"1986","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","first-page":"133","article-title":"Cervical distensibility changes in pregnancy, term, and preterm labor","volume":"15","author":"Cabrol D","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","volume-title":"Effective Prevention of Preterm Birth: The French Experience Measured at Huguenau. 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