{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:04:13Z","timestamp":1778630653812,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,16]],"date-time":"2006-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1140048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> Clinically, rectocele is common in parous women and assumed to be due to distension or tearing of the rectovaginal septum in labour. In a prospective study, we examined the prevalence of such defects in primiparae before and after childbearing in order to define the role of childbearing in the aetiology of rectocele.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2002<\/jats:bold> Prospective observational study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2002<\/jats:bold> Tertiary urogynaecological clinic.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Population\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 68 nulliparous women between 35 + 6 and 40 + 1 weeks of gestation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Participants underwent a standardised interview and were assessed by translabial ultrasound. Presence and depth of a rectocele was determined on maximal Valsalva, as was descent of the rectal ampulla. Fifty\u2010two women were reassessed 2\u20136 months postpartum.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Main outcome measures\u2002<\/jats:bold> Presence of a true rectocele, rectal descent.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> True rectoceles were identified in 2 of the 68 women before childbirth and in 8 of the 52 women after childbirth (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.02). After childbirth, the ampulla descended &gt;22 mm further than before (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001 on paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test). Symptoms such as digitation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 2), straining at stool (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 10) and incomplete emptying (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 11) were not uncommon 2\u20136 months postpartum; but out of eight rectoceles, four were asymptomatic.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> True rectoceles occur in young nulliparae. However, childbirth is associated with an increase in prevalence and size of such defects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00860.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,16]],"date-time":"2006-02-16T11:12:44Z","timestamp":1140088364000},"page":"264-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The role of childbirth in the aetiology of rectocele"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"HP","family":"Dietz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AB","family":"Steensma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","volume-title":"Anatomie und Aetiologie der Genitalprolapse beim Weibe","author":"Halban J","year":"1907"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"576","volume-title":"Female Urology and Urogynecology","author":"Swift S","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"303","article-title":"Posterior vaginal wall prolapse and its management","volume":"9","author":"Kahn MA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Contemp Rev Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00004019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1930"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.939"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-199610000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.12.1737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-003-0508-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2005.00454.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199312000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"616","volume-title":"Female Urology and Urogynaecology","author":"Karram M","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1471-0528.2006.00860.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00860.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T10:33:23Z","timestamp":1697020403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00860.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,16]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00860.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00860.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-02-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}